Araucaria araucana (Monkey Puzzle, Chilenische Araukarie, Araucaria du Chili, Pewén o pehuén) скачать в хорошем качестве

Araucaria araucana (Monkey Puzzle, Chilenische Araukarie, Araucaria du Chili, Pewén o pehuén)

Conifers Garden | Conifers Of The World https://conifersgarden.com Araucaria araucana Scientific name: Araucaria araucana (Molina ) K.Koch The species described by Karl Heinrich Koch (1809-1879) in it's present form; however, epithet araucana was used before by Giovanni Ignazio Molina (1737-1829) with the genus Pinus for P. araucaria Molina. Published In: Dendrologie 2(2): 206. 1873. Common names: English: Monkey Puzzle, Chile pine, Chile nut, Parana pine, German: Andentanne, Chile-Tanne, Chilenische Araukarie Spanish: Araucaria, Pino Araucana, Pino Chileno, Piñonero, araucaria de Neuquén, chihuén, pehuén, pino hachadoű The species’ english common name is misleading, since there are no monkeys living within its range. It owes its origin to that fountainhead of whimsy, the English garden party. It seems that at a planting ceremony in Cornwall in 1834, a guest remarked that the tree’s dangerously armed branches "would be a puzzle for a monkey to climb." The name was coined, and it stuck. The English common name (Monkey Puzzle) alludes to the fact that the task of climbing the tree, with its sharp branches tightly clothed with spiny leaves, would puzzle even a monkey. The name araucana is derived from the native Araucanians who used the nuts (seeds) of the tree in Chile. A group of Araucanians living in the Andes, the Pehuenches, owe their name to their diet based on harvesting of the A. araucaria seeds. Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Subphylum: Euphyllophytina Infraphylum: Radiatopses Subclass: Pinidae Order: Pinales Family: Araucariaceae Genus: Araucaria The genus Araucaria includes approximately nineteen species, all confined to the Southern Hemisphere in markedly disjunct distributions. Most of the extant araucarian taxa have evolved since early Tertiary time; extensive evolution and adaptive radiation have occurred in the islands of Australasia, where most of the species are found. Two species occur in South America (A. angustifolia and A araucana) and two in New Guinea (A. hunsteinii and A. cunninghamii - one of which also occurs in Australia), one is endemic to mainland Australia (A. bidwillii), and another is found only on Norfolk Island (Araucaria heterophylla) in the Tasman Sea. The remaining thirteen species are endemic to New Caledonia, where they occur from sea level to 900 meter elevation. The only temperate-zone species of the genus, this Araucaria is amongst the most unique species of all conifers. The plant introduced to England by Menzies in 1795. Archibald Menzies (15 March 1754 – 15 February 1842) was a Scottish botanist, plant collector and naval surgeon on George Vancouver's circumnavigation of the globe, travelling in James Cook's ship. He was served the seeds of this conifer as dessert while dining with the governor of Chile and later sowed them in a frame on the quarter deck, returning home to England with five healthy plants. One of these monkey puzzles could be seen at Royal Botanic Gardens (KEW) until it died in 1892. Araucaria araucana is a distinctive evergreen conifer that can grow to a large size and live more than 1000 years. Dioecious or more rarely monoecious trees to 50 m tall, to 2.5 m d.b.h.; trunk straight. Bark to 15 cm thick, rough and deeply fissured, exfoliating is small chips and plates; inner bark brown; outher bark grey or grey-brown. Crown in mature trees variously domed or more or less flat-topped, with branches only at the top of the tree; branching according to Rauh's model. Primary first order branhes of mature trees is pseudo-whorls of 8-10 or sometimes more, up to 5 m long, spreading or assurgent, mostly with second to third order branches, caducous. Branchlets extending out to the sides of the branches, sparsely branched themselves, remaining green for several years, densely branched with and largely hidden by the foliage. Leaves densely, spirally arranged, angled a little forward along the twigs, broadly spearhead-to pointedly egg-shaped, generally flat but a little bowed outward around the midline, slightly narrowed at their points of attachment. Each needle 2.5-3.5(-5) cm long, 15-20(-25) mm wide, with sharp, prickly tip, dark green, persisting about 10-15 years. Stomates parallel to the long axis of the leaf, in numerous, closely spaced, discontinuous lines on both faces. Pollen cones 8-12 cm long, 4-5 cm thick, each pollen scale with 12-20 pollen sacs in two rows. Seed cones standing upright, nearly spherical, (10-)15-20 cm in diameter, brown at maturity, the surface hidden by the free scale tips. Seed scales densely spirally arranged, 4-5 cm long, 1.5-2 cm wide, wedge-shaped, with a narrow neck between the outer face and the swollen, seed-bearing portion and with a triangular, upturned free tip 1.8-2.5(-4) cm long. Seeds 2.5-3.5(-4.5) cm long, narrowly ovoid, red-brown, edible. Cotyledons remaining underground within the seed shell during germination. Distribution and Ecology ...... http://araucaria-araucana.com/