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Buddhism Without God, Soul, or Heaven | A Religion Beyond Theism?

Can a religion exist without God, an eternal soul, or a heavenly paradise? In this episode, we explore one of the most fascinating aspects of Buddhism: its apparent departure from traditional theistic frameworks. Unlike many religions, Buddhism does not center on a creator God, an immortal soul in the classical sense, or a permanent heaven. So what makes it a religion? Is Buddhism a philosophy, a psychology, or a spiritual path? And how does meaning emerge without a supreme divine authority? We examine core Buddhist concepts such as non-self (anatta), impermanence, and liberation from suffering — asking whether Buddhism challenges our Western assumptions about what religion must be. This discussion moves through philosophy, theology, and comparative religion to analyze how belief systems can function without a central deity. Timestamps 00:00 – Introduction: A Religion Without God? 02:07 – No Creator Deity 04:21 – The Concept of Non-Self (Anatta) 06:38 – Impermanence and Suffering 08:52 – Nirvana and Liberation 11:05 – Religion or Philosophy? 13:02 – Western Misunderstandings 14:39 – Final Reflections