Know more leprosy (Hansen's disease)了解更多麻風病(漢森氏病)(國語版本) скачать в хорошем качестве

Know more leprosy (Hansen's disease)了解更多麻風病(漢森氏病)(國語版本)

Know more leprosy (Hansen's disease)了解更多麻風病(漢森氏病) 漢森氏病(麻風病)是由一种称为麻风分枝杆菌的细菌引起的慢性传染病。 这种疾病主要影响皮肤和周围神经。若不加治疗，该病可能导致进行性和永久残疾。 在与未经治疗的病例密切接触和频繁接触期间，细菌可通过来自口鼻的飞沫传播。 麻风病可通过联合化疗得到治愈。 世卫组织所有六个区域都有麻风病报告；每年发现的新病例大都来自东南亚。 麻风病是一种古老的疾病，在古代文献中早有记载。它是由一种称为麻风分枝杆菌的细菌引起的慢性传染病。该病侵害皮肤、周围神经、上呼吸道粘膜和眼睛。麻风病可以治愈，早期施治可避免出现残疾。除身体畸形外，麻风病患者还面临污名化和歧视。 问题的范围 麻风病是一种被忽视的热带病，目前仍见于120多个国家，每年报告的新病例超过20万例。已于2000年（根据世界卫生大会第44.9号决议）实现在全球消除麻风病这一公共卫生问题（定义为患病率少于每万人一例），到2010年在大多数国家也已实现这一目标。无论是在全球还是在世卫组织各区域，新病例数都在逐渐减少。根据2019年的数据，巴西、印度和印度尼西亚报告发生1万多例新病例，而其他13个国家（孟加拉国、刚果民主共和国、埃塞俄比亚、马达加斯加、莫桑比克、缅甸、尼泊尔、尼日利亚、菲律宾、索马里、南苏丹、斯里兰卡和坦桑尼亚联合共和国）各有1000-1万例新发病例报告。45个国家报告了零病例，99个国家报告的新病例少于1000例。 漢森氏病可經由鼻腔飛沫或密切皮膚接觸傳播。但這種疾病不容易在人與人之間傳播，也不會透過與患者的偶然接觸（例如握手或擁抱、分享食物或坐在一起）而傳播。一般而言，需要纍月計長時間與未經治療的麻風病患者的密切接觸（例如同居的家庭成員）才有機會感染此病。 該疾病不會透過性行為傳播，也不會在懷孕期間傳染給胎兒。患者開始治療後就不會再有傳染性。 潛伏期 : 症狀可能會在 1-5 年內出現，但有時也可能需要長達 10-20 年才會出現。 臨床表現 : 此疾病影響皮膚、週邊神經、上呼吸道黏膜，偶爾也會影響眼睛和關節。過去年代因為沒有及時治療, 可能會出現因喪失感覺神經導致殘疾的情況。 为便于治疗，将病例分为两类：少菌型病例和多菌型病例。 少菌型病例：有1-5处皮肤损害的麻风病例，皮肤涂片中未证实存在杆菌。 多菌型病例：有5处以上皮肤损害的麻风病例；或伴有神经受累(纯神经炎，或存在任何数量的皮肤损害和神经炎)；或裂隙皮肤涂片中证实存在杆菌，无论皮肤损害数量如何。 麻风病是一种可治愈的疾病。目前推荐的治疗方案由氨苯砜、利福平和氯法齐明三种药物组成。这种组合被称为联合化疗。少菌型病例的治疗时间为6个月，多菌型病例的治疗时间为12个月。联合化疗可杀死病原体并治愈患者。早期诊断和及时治疗有助于预防残疾。世卫组织一直免费提供联合化疗药物。 Hansen's disease (leprosy) is a chronic infectious disease caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium leprae. This disease mainly affects the skin and peripheral nerves. If left untreated, the disease can cause progressive and permanent disability. The bacteria can be spread through droplets from the mouth and nose during close and frequent contact with untreated cases. Leprosy can be cured with combination chemotherapy. Leprosy is reported in all six WHO regions; most of the new cases detected each year come from Southeast Asia. Leprosy is an ancient disease that has been recorded in ancient documents. It is a chronic infectious disease caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium leprae. The disease affects the skin, peripheral nerves, upper respiratory tract mucosa and eyes. Leprosy is curable and early treatment can prevent disability. In addition to physical deformities, people with leprosy face stigma and discrimination. Scope of the problem Leprosy is a neglected tropical disease that is still found in more than 120 countries, with more than 200,000 new cases reported every year. Global elimination of leprosy as a public health problem (defined as a prevalence of less than one case per 10,000 people) was achieved in 2000 (in accordance with World Health Assembly resolution 44.9) and in most countries by 2010 One goal. The number of new cases is gradually decreasing, both globally and in WHO regions. According to 2019 data, Brazil, India and Indonesia reported more than 10,000 new cases, while 13 other countries (Bangladesh, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Madagascar, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nepal, Nigeria, Philippines, Somalia, South Africa Sudan, Sri Lanka and the United Republic of Tanzania) each reported 1,000-10,000 new cases. 45 countries reported zero cases and 99 countries reported fewer than 1,000 new cases. Hansen's disease can be spread through nasal droplets or close skin-to-skin contact. But the disease does not spread easily from person to person, nor through casual contact with someone who is sick (such as shaking hands or hugging, sharing food, or sitting together). Generally speaking, close contact with an untreated leprosy patient (such as a family member living together) over many months is required for the chance of contracting the disease. The disease is not sexually transmitted and cannot be passed to the fetus during pregnancy. Once the patient starts treatment, they are no longer contagious. Incubation period : Symptoms may appear within 1-5 years, but may sometimes take up to 10-20 years to appear. Clinical Manifestations : The disease affects the skin, peripheral nerves, upper respiratory tract mucosa, and occasionally the eyes and joints. In the past, due to lack of timely treatment, disability may occur due to loss of sensory nerves. To facilitate treatment, cases are divided into two categories: paucibacillary cases and multibacillary cases. Paucibacillary cases: leprosy cases with 1-5 skin lesions and no bacilli confirmed in skin smears. Multibacillary cases: leprosy cases with more than 5 skin lesions; or with neurological involvement (pure neuritis, or any number of skin lesions and neuritis); or confirmed presence of bacilli in fissure skin smears regardless of skin lesions How about the quantity. Leprosy is a curable disease. The currently recommended treatment regimen consists of three drugs: dapsone, rifampicin, and clofazimine. This combination is called combination chemotherapy.    / @herbsdr   https://herbsdr.business.site/ https://g.page/herbsdr 如果您想預約網上视频診症，請發送電子郵件至 [email protected] 詢問網上视频診症詳情 If you want book appointment for online consultation please email [email protected] ask for online consultation details