When Mauna Loa's Eruptions were NOT so Peaceful; Boulders Thrown 1 Mile скачать в хорошем качестве

When Mauna Loa's Eruptions were NOT so Peaceful; Boulders Thrown 1 Mile

Mauna Loa is generally known for its peaceful effusive eruptions. And yet, at several times in the past 1,000 years it has also produced powerful explosive eruptions which ejected multiton boulders of rock as far as 1 mile away! So, how did these vents form, and why did they form in two distinct clusters? This video discusses these unusual eruption deposits and how they likely formed. Thumbnail Photo Credit: U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, Public Domain, https://www.usgs.gov/media/images/ash... A special thanks to the Extreme Pursuit YouTube channel for granting me permission to use clips of his footage! Video Sources from the Extreme Pursuit YouTube channel: [1]    • Dangerously close to a volcano erupting   Extreme Pursuit channel link:    / extremepursuit   If you would like to support this channel, consider using one of the following links: (Patreon:   / geologyhub  ) (YouTube membership:    / @geologyhub  ) (Gemstone & Mineral Etsy store: http://prospectingarizona.etsy.com) (GeologyHub Merch Etsy store: http://geologyhub.etsy.com) Google Earth imagery used in this video: ©Google & Data Providers This video is protected under "fair use". If you see an image and/or video which is your own in this video, and/or think my discussion of a scientific paper (and/or discussion/mentioning of the data/information within a scientific paper) does not fall under the fair use doctrine, and wish for it to be censored or removed, contact me by email at [email protected] and I will make the necessary changes. Various licenses used in sections of this video (not the entire video, this video as a whole does not completely fall under one of these licenses) and/or in this video's thumbnail image (and this list does not include every license used in this video and/or thumbnail image): Public Domain: https://creativecommons.org/publicdom... Sources/Citations: [1] U.S. Geological Survey [2] Hawaiian Volcano Observatory [3] Frank A. Trusdell, Jefferson D.G. Hungerford, John O. Stone, Keith Fifield, Kaitlin McCann, Harold Wershow, Shikma Zaarur, Melissa Dimeo Boyd, 2019. "Explosive eruptions at the summit of Mauna Loa: Lithology, modeling, and dating", Field Volcanology: A Tribute to the Distinguished Career of Don Swanson, Michael P. Poland, Michael O. Garcia, Victor E. Camp, Anita Grunder [4] VEIs, dates/years, composition, tephra layer name, DRE estimates, and bulk tephra volume estimates for volcanic eruptions shown in this video which were assigned a VEI 4 or larger are sourced from the LaMEVE database (British Geological Survey © UKRI), https://www2.bgs.ac.uk/vogripa/view/c..., Used with Permission [5] Source of Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) methodology and criteria: Newhall, C. G., and Self, S. (1982), The volcanic explosivity index (VEI) an estimate of explosive magnitude for historical volcanism, J. Geophys. Res., 87(C2), 1231–1238, doi:10.1029/JC087iC02p01231. Accessed / Read by    / geologyhub   on Oct 5th, 2022. 0:00 A Powerful Explosion 0:49 Thrown Nearly 1 Mile 1:19 Mauna Loa 1:58 Ejecta Deposits 3:43 Explosive Eruption Cause