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Susa

The modern Iranian town of Shush is located on the site of ancient Susa. Shush is identified as Shushan, mentioned in the Book of Esther and other Biblical books. Susa was an ancient city of the Proto-Elamite, Elamite, (First) Persian, Seleucid, Parthian, and Sasanian empires of Iran. One of the most important cities of the Ancient Near East. It is located in the lower Zagros Mountains about 250 km (160 mi) east of the Tigris River, between the Karkheh and Dez Rivers. The site now "consists of three gigantic mounds, occupying an area of about one square kilometer, known as the Apadana mound, the Acropolis mound, and the Ville Royale (royal town) mound. Susa ancient site was registered as UNESCO World Heritage listing in 2015. Chogha Zanbil Apadana Palace Apadana Palace was the winter residence of Achaemenid kings. This palace was built by the order of Darius the Great between 521 and 515AD on Elamite remains. The walls were in mud-brick and columns were out of stone. The palace was comprised of different sections including an audience hall, harem, gate, reception hall and 3 internal courtyards. Interior walls were decorated with glazed bricks depicting soldiers, winged lions and lotus. Some of these glazed bricks are currently displayed at different international museums. The palace had an area of 10434 sq. meters and was renovated by Ardeshir II. The palace was a pavilion with 3 prostyle proches on northern, eastern and western fronts. The central hall, 58x58m in size, had 36 columns. The columns were 20m high with bull head capitals. The porches had each two rows of 6 columns. 110 rooms and halls have been recognised in the palace. In 1880, a French archaeological group excavated this site and transferred almost everything abroad. Most of such items are currently kept in Louvre. The current remains only include a number of column bases. Susa Castle Susa castle was built by French archaeologist Jacques de Morgan on a historical hill near tomb of Daniel as a residence for French archaeologists. Some very important items have been discovered through archaeological excavations here. Those include Hammurabi code and the Statue of Queen Napirasu, both currently on display in Louvre.