Tryptamine: Supporting Survival & Symbiosis in Plants, Animals, & Us (8 Sources: 2001-24) скачать в хорошем качестве

Tryptamine: Supporting Survival & Symbiosis in Plants, Animals, & Us (8 Sources: 2001-24)

I. Serotonin’s Ancient Origins Serotonin (5-HT): Major neurotransmitter & mood regulator in humans. Ancient Antioxidant in Microbes, Plants, & Animals. II. Timeline of Serotonin Evolution 3 BYA: 5-HT appears in microbes as antioxideant to cope w. oxygen. 0.5 BYA: Land plants develop biochemical arsenal to adapt; includes 5-HT. 20th Century: 5-HT discovered as key neurotransmitter in animals. III. Serotonin Synthesis in Animals & Plants Animal Pathway: Tryptophan → 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) → Serotonin. Plant Pathway: Tryptophan → Tryptamine → Serotonin. Serotonin Synthesis in Plants 1. Troptophan (Essential Amino Acid, Building Block for Proteins). 2. TDC Enzyme (Converts Tryptophan → Tryptamine). 3. T5H Enzyme (Converts Tryptamine → Serotonin). IV. Serotonin’s Role in Plants: Multi-Tool for Survival Bodyguard, Structural Engineer, Health Coach, Stress Reducer. Defense from Fungal Attacks, Cell Wall Regeneration. Protection from Stress. Acts as hormone, stimulating growth. V. Serotonin’s Tryptamine Precursor Tryptamine: Essential Amino Acid (building block for proteins). Direct precursor to serotonin in plants. Central hub for many downstream indole alkaloids. Indole: Chemical structure/component; 2 fused rings that trap light. Enables light conversion to energy in photosynthesis. Alkaloid: pH status; indicated basic (vs acidic) pH. Enables Tryptamine to “de-toxify” free radicals & oxygen. VI. Tryptamine's Role in Plants Origin ("starter ingredient") of many metabolic pathways & products. Beta Carbolines; 5-HT; MIAs; Indole Alkyamines. Other psychedelics, defense chemicals. Stockpiled in Plants' Fruits & Seeds Tomato: 2.8 ug/g fw. Plum: 2 - 5 ug/g fw. Green Kiwifruit: 6.38 ug/g fw. "When a plant has a large amount of a specific chemical in its edible fruit, there’s almost always a reason" ("evolutionary pressure”). So ...why is Tryptamine so concetrated in plants’ edible fruits? VII. BIochemical Laxative Hypothesis 1. Eat the Fruit. Plants “want” animals to eat their fruits to disperse seeds. (Evolutionary advantage for animals to eat & disperse plant seeds). Animals are plant polinators, as is well-accepted in bees. 2. Don’t Wait Too Long. Plants “don’t want” their seeds to stay in animals' guts for too long. (This would prevent seed dispersal.) (Seeds would be dead on excretion or "plant" in animal guts). 3. Add Tryptamine as Laxative. Tryptamine is known to promote gut movement in animals. 4. Tryptamine Speeds Up Dispersal Loading fruits with tryptamine may speed up seed passage. (E.g., through animals' guts). This enables animals to become more efficient seed polinators. NOTE: This is proposed as a theory. Not yet validated. “The biological function of tryptamine in plants remains largely unknown … an end product with important functions. VIII. Contemplative Invitations See Comments for Contemplative Invitations/Inquiries (and please share)! IX. Additional Resource Support For additional resources, pleasse visit: https://notebooklm.google.com/noteboo... X. Sources 1. Azmitia. (2001). Modern Views on an Ancient Chemical: Serotonin Effects on Cell Proliferation, Maturation, & Apoptosis. Brain Res Bull. 2. Azmitia. (2009). Evolution of Serotonin: Sunlight to Suicide. In Handbook of Behavioral Neuroscience. 3. Russo et al. (2009). Tryptophan as an Evolutionarily Conserved Signal to Brain Serotonin: Molecular Evidence & Psychiatric Implications. WJBP. 4. Pelagio-Flores et al. (2011). Serotonin: Tryptophan-Derived Signal Conserved in Plants & Animals, Regulates Root System Architecture Probably Acting as Natural Auxin Inhibitor in A. Thaliana. Plant Cell Phys. 5. Erland & Saxena. (2017). Beyond Neurotransmitter: 5-HT in Plants. NT. 6. Höglund, Øverli, & Winberg. (2019). Tryptophan Metabolic Pathways & Brain Serotonergic Activity: A Comparative Review. Front Endocrinol. 7. Negri et al. (2021). Case of Tryptamine & Serotonin in Plants. J. Exp Bot. 8. Tanveer et al. (2024). Serotonin Receptor Networks Explored. In Serotonin-Neurotransmitter & Hormone of Brain, Bowels & Blood. #serotonin #neuroscience #evolution #biology #brainhealth #tryptophan #mentalhealth #tryptamine #plantbiology ‪@KnowTime‬ ‪@ThePsychedelicScientist‬ ‪@ZachBushMD‬ ‪@richroll‬ ‪@PlantBasedScienceLondon‬ ‪@naropaallianceforpsychedel7015‬ ‪@AuthenticMentalHealth‬ ‪@evolution‬ ‪@EvolutionPrimitiveTime‬ ‪@TheStonedApes‬ ‪@StonedApeTheories‬ ‪@PLANTBASEDNEWS‬