Edexcel GCSE (9-1) Astronomy, Topic 11: Exploring the Solar System (summary) скачать в хорошем качестве

Edexcel GCSE (9-1) Astronomy, Topic 11: Exploring the Solar System (summary)

Topic 11 - Exploring the Solar System Specification: • Be able to use data about the names and relative locations of bodies in the Solar System, including: 🡒 planets 🡒 dwarf planets 🡒 Small Solar System Objects (SSSOs): asteroids, meteoroids and comets • Understand the structure of comets (nucleus, coma and tails) • Understand the orbits of short-period comets and their likely origin in the Kuiper Belt • Understand the orbits of long-period comets and their likely origin in the Oort Cloud • Understand the location and nature of the Kuiper Belt, Oort Cloud and the heliosphere • Understand the following principal characteristics of the planets: 🡒 relative size 🡒 relative mass 🡒 surface temperature 🡒 atmospheric composition 🡒 presence of satellites 🡒 presence of ring systems • Understand the main theories for the formation and current position of the gas giant planets in our Solar System • Be able to use information about the size of the Solar System • Be able to use the astronomical unit (1 AU = 1.5 × 108 km), light year (l.y.) and parsec (pc) • Understand the origin and structure of meteoroids and meteorites • Know that most bodies in the Solar System orbit the Sun in, or close to, a plane called the ecliptic • Understand the use of transits of Venus (as proposed by Halley) to determine the size of the astronomical unit and thus the absolute size of the Solar System • Understand the main theories for the origin of water on Earth • Know that the human eye is limited in astronomical observations by its small aperture and limited sensitivity in low light • Understand how the objective element of a telescope captures and focuses light so that the image can be magnified by an eyepiece • Know that convex (converging) lenses and concave (diverging) mirrors can be used to collect and focus light from astronomical objects • Understand how simple telescopes can be made by combining an objective (lens or mirror) with an eyepiece • Understand the basic design of the following in terms of their key elements: 🡒 Galilean refracting telescope 🡒 Keplerian refracting telescope 🡒 Newtonian reflecting telescope 🡒 Cassegrain reflecting telescope (detailed ray diagrams not required) • Understand that the ‘light grasp’ of a telescope is directly proportional to the area of the objective element and thus the square of the diameter of the objective element • Know that the aperture of a telescope is related to the diameter of the objective element • Know that the field of view is the circle of sky visible through the eyepiece, measured in degrees or arcmin • Understand the resolution of a telescope is: 🡒 proportional to the diameter of the objective element 🡒 reduced by observing at a longer wavelength • Be able to use the formula for the magnification of a telescope • Understand the importance of Galileo's early telescopic observations in establishing a heliocentric (Sun-centred) model of the Solar System • Understand the advantages of reflecting telescopes compared to refracting telescopes, in terms of: 🡒 chromatic aberration 🡒 very long focal lengths 🡒 using large aperture objectives 🡒 use of multiple mirrors • Understand the advantages and disadvantages of the major types of space probe: 🡒 fly-by 🡒 orbiter 🡒 impactor 🡒 lander • Know an example of each type of space probe, including target body and major discoveries, including: 🡒 fly-by – New Horizons (Outer Solar System) 🡒 orbiter – Juno (Jupiter) or Dawn (asteroids Vesta and Ceres) 🡒 impactor – Deep Impact (comet Tempel 1) 🡒 lander – Philae (comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko) • Understand that a space probe must reach the Earth’s escape velocity, the energy requirements of which can be met only by the use of rockets • Understand the advantages and disadvantages of direct observation via manned missions • Understand the main features of the Apollo programme to land astronauts on the Moon ⭐️ 𝗟𝗶𝗻𝗸𝘀 ⭐️ ☕️ Like what I'm doing? Consider supporting me: https://physicswithkeith.com/support-me/ 🔗 Join my Discord Server:   / discord   🔗 Find me on Facebook:   / physicswithkeith   🔗 Send me a message: https://m.me/PhysicsWithKeith 🔗 Main website: https://www.physicswithkeith.com 🔗 YouTube Channel: https://youtube.com/physicswithkeith?...