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ECG for Beginners | How to see Atrial fibrillation (Afib) in ECG.

Atrial fibrillation (AFib) is a common cardiac arrhythmia characterized by irregular and often rapid heart rhythms originating from the atria, the upper chambers of the heart. It occurs when the heart's electrical signals become disorganized, causing the atria to quiver instead of contracting effectively. #### Key Features: 1. **Irregular Heartbeat**: AFib results in an irregular, often rapid pulse that can vary in intensity. 2. **Symptoms**: Symptoms may include palpitations, fatigue, shortness of breath, dizziness, or chest discomfort. In some cases, AFib may be asymptomatic. 3. **Classification**: AFib can be classified into: **Paroxysmal**: Episodes come and go, typically resolving within 7 days. **Persistent**: Episodes last longer than 7 days or require medical intervention to stop. **Permanent**: A long-term condition where rhythm control is no longer pursued. #### Causes and Risk Factors: High blood pressure Heart disease or previous heart attacks Valvular heart disorders Hyperthyroidism Excessive alcohol or caffeine intake Stress or sleep apnea Age and family history #### Complications: AFib can increase the risk of serious complications like stroke, heart failure, and blood clots. The irregular rhythm can lead to pooling of blood in the atria, forming clots that may travel to other parts of the body, particularly the brain. #### Treatment: Treatment strategies focus on controlling the heart rate and rhythm and reducing stroke risk: 1. **Medications**: Anti-arrhythmic drugs, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, or anticoagulants. 2. **Procedures**: Cardioversion, catheter ablation, or insertion of a pacemaker in advanced cases. 3. **Lifestyle Changes**: Managing contributing factors such as hypertension, obesity, and sleep apnea. AFib is a manageable condition with appropriate medical care and lifestyle adjustments. Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly reduce associated risks and improve quality of life.