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MENJAWAB DEKKY NGGADAS : KANON PL/PB KEPUTUSAN KONSILI YANG MENGIKAT BUKAN KEPUTUSAN PRIBADI

1. But the seven deuterocanonical books were added at the Council of Trent (1546) in order to justify Catholic doctrinal inventions. This is a myth that always comes up but is simple to answer. At the Council of Rome in 382, the Church decided upon a canon of 46 Old Testament books and 27 in the New Testament. This decision was ratified by the councils at Hippo (393), Carthage (397, 419), II Nicea (787), Florence (1442), and Trent (1546). Further, if Catholics added the deuterocanonical books in 1546, then Martin Luther beat us to the punch: He included them in his first German translation, which he published before the Council of Trent. They can also be found in the first King James Version (1611) and in the first Bible ever printed, the Gutenberg Bible (a century before Trent). In fact, these books were included in almost every Bible until the Edinburgh Committee of the British Foreign Bible Society excised them in 1825. Until then, they had been included at least in an appendix of Protestant Bibles. It is historically demonstrable that Catholics did not add the books, Protestants took them out. Luther had a tendency to grade the Bible according to his preferences. In his writings on the New Testament, he noted that the books of Hebrews, James, Jude, and Revelation were inferior to the rest, and they followed “the certain, main books of the New Testament.” In 1519, this same attitude fueled his debate against Johannes Eck on the topic of purgatory. Luther undermined Eck’s proof text of 2 Maccabees 12 by devaluing the deuterocanonical books as a whole. He argued that the New Testament authors had never quoted from the seven books, so they were in a different class than the rest of the Bible. Well, if the New Testament never quotes from these seven books, doesn’t that indicate that they were not considered to be inspired? Following this reasoning, we’d have to throw out the eight other Old Testament books—such as the Song of Songs—that are also not quoted in the New Testament. If we’re not willing to do that, we have to agree that the absence of a quote in the New Testament does not suggest that a book is not inspired. Though there are no quotes, the New Testament does make numerous allusions to the deuterocanonical books. For one strong example, examine Hebrews 11:35: “Women received their dead by resurrection. Some were tortured, refusing to accept release that they might rise again to a better life.” Nowhere in the Protestant Old Testament can this story be found. One must look to a Catholic Bible to read the story in 2 Maccabees 7. 2. Ada beberapa tanggapan berkaitan dengan reformasi yang dilakukan Martin Luther, antara lain: pertama, ia hampir membuang Surat Yakobus dan Kitab Wahyu. Ia beranggapan bahwa kedua kitab tersebut merupakan ‘Kitab Jerami’ alias palsu. Padahal, jika kita mau jujur, alasan di balik penolakan Martin Luther terhadap Surat Yakobus sederhana saja, yaitu karena konsep sola fide dan sola gratia yang dicetuskannya bertentangan dengan isi Surat Yakobus. Karenanya ia menyebut Surat Yakobus sebagai ‘Kitab Apocrypha‘, seperti halnya Kitab Wahyu. Kedua, Martin Luther tidak pernah berniat mendirikan ribuan aliran melainkan hanya pembaharuan dari dalam. Sayangnya, ia kebablasan karena mengikuti anjuran politis bangsawan Jerman, yang pada masa itu membuat propaganda bahwa Vatikan akan menguasai Jerman dalam bidang politik dan ekonomi. Martin Luther tidak pernah berpikir jika reformasi yang ia buat akan berakibat seperti sekarang, dengan ribuan aliran, sampai-sampai ada aliran yang justru menolak ajaran-ajarannya. Ketiga, Martin Luther menghilangkan 7 Kitab Perjanjian Lama yang sudah dipakai sejak abad pertama; bahkan sudah sering dikutip oleh rasul-rasul. Salah satu kitab yang tidak mendukung konsep tri-sola dari Martin Luther adalah Kitab 2 Makabe, di mana isinya berbicara tentang mendoakan orang mati. Martin Luther merasa bahwa ketujuh kitab tersebut tidaklah kanonik. Padahal, kitab-kitab tersebut sudah masuk ke dalam Kanon Kitab Suci Umat Kristiani sejak abad ke 3, dan merupakan bagian dari Perjanjian Lama. Meskipun Martin Luther tidak mengakuinya sebagai kanonik, ia toh tetap menyertakan ketujuh kitab itu ke dalam daftar Alkitab yang ia terjemahkan. Ia beralasan bahwa kitab-kitab itu hanya layak dibaca saja. Menurut penjelasan di portal Katolisitas, baru sekitar tahun 1827 the British and Foreign Bible Society mencoret dan membuang ke-7 kitab itu dari daftar isi kitab mereka. Keempat, Martin Luther membuat ajaran ‘sola scriptura’ yang sesungguhnya bertentangan dengan Alkitab. Sola artinya ‘hanya’ dan Scriptura artinya Alkitab. Padahal, Paulus sendiri pernah berkata: “Sebab itu, berdirilah teguh dan berpeganglah pada ajaran-ajaran yang kamu terima dari kami, baik secara lisan, maupun secara tertulis” ( 2 Tes 2:15). Jadi, tidak semua hal tercatat di dalam Alkitab (bdk. Yoh. 21:25).