Direct Indirect Speech Part - 2 English Grammar. скачать в хорошем качестве

Direct Indirect Speech Part - 2 English Grammar.

Direct & Indirect Speech – Complete Rules 1️⃣ Definition Direct Speech: Exact words of the speaker (in quotes). Example: He said, “I am happy.” Indirect Speech (Reported Speech): Reported meaning without quotes. Example: He said that he was happy. 2️⃣ General Rules (Direct → Indirect) Remove quotation marks. Add that / if / whether / wh-word as connector. Change pronouns. Change tense (if reporting verb is past). Change time/place words. Adjust sentence structure (statement / question / order). 3️⃣ Rule of Tense Change 👉 If reporting verb is past (said, told, asked) → tense changes. Direct Speech +Indirect Speech Present Simple-Past Simple Present Continuous - Past Continuous Present Perfect - Past Perfect Past Simple- Past Perfect Past Continuous - Past Perfect Continuous Will - Would Can -Could May -Might Example: He said, “I work hard.” → He said that he worked hard. 4️⃣ No Tense Change Cases ❗ Tense does NOT change when: Universal truth He said, “The sun rises in the east.” → He said that the sun rises in the east. Habitual fact Scientific fact Still true statement 5️⃣ Pronoun Change Rules Pronouns change according to speaker, listener, object. Direct Indirect I →. he / she We →they You →I / we / they My →his / her Our →their Example: She said, “I am ready.” → She said that she was ready. 6️⃣ Time & Place Word Changes Direct -Indirect now →then today →that day tomorrow →the next day yesterday →the previous day here →there this →that these →those ago →before 7️⃣ Reporting Verb Changes Direct Indirect said to →told said →said said to me →told me said to him →told him 8️⃣ Types of Sentences Rules 🟦 A. Assertive (Statement) Structure: 👉 said/told + that + sentence Example: He said, “I am tired.” → He said that he was tired. 🟦 B. Interrogative (Question) Yes/No Question 👉 asked + if/whether She said, “Are you happy?” → She asked if I was happy. Wh-Question 👉 asked + wh-word He said, “Where do you live?” → He asked where I lived. ❗ Remove question form → use statement form. 🟦 C. Imperative (Order / Request / Advice) 👉 told / ordered / requested / advised + to He said, “Open the door.” → He told me to open the door. Negative: 👉 not to She said, “Do not run.” → She told me not to run. 🟦 D. Exclamatory 👉 exclaimed / exclaimed with joy/sorrow + that He said, “What a beautiful day!” → He exclaimed that it was a very beautiful day. She said, “Alas! I failed.” → She exclaimed with sorrow that she had failed. 9️⃣ Special Cases Let sentences He said, “Let me go.” → He requested to let him go. He said, “Let us play.” → He suggested that they should play. Shall / Will “Shall I open the door?” → He asked if he should open the door. “I shall return.” → He said that he would return.