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TYPES OF SOLVENTS

Let's see the types of solvents. There are two main types: polar and non-polar. A non-polar solvent is one whose molecule has the negative charge of electrons distributed homogeneously throughout the molecule. A polar solvent has a molecule with a positive side and a negative side. There is this general rule of solubility: Polar solvents dissolve in other polar solvents. Nonpolar solvents dissolve in other nonpolar solvents. But polar solvents do not dissolve in nonpolar solvents. These are some polar solvents: water, ethanol, and acetic acid. These are some nonpolar solvents: oil, turpentine, and acetone. The polar solvents dissolve into each other. The non-polar solvents dissolve into each other. But the polar solvents do not dissolve in the non-polar solvents. There is a surface between both solvents called the interface. There is a procedure for mixing polar and non-polar solvents with each other: using a detergent. Put a polar solvent and a non-polar solvent in contact in the same container. Since they are both transparent, add iodine. Iodine dissolves well in non-polar solvents and poorly in polar solvents. When it dissolves, it takes on a pink color. Add the detergent and shake. Detergents have long molecules with a polar end and a non-polar end. The polar end of the molecule binds to the polar solvent and the non-polar end binds to the non-polar solvent. And, in the end, the two types of solvents form a homogeneous phase, that is, they mix.