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The Capitolium of Timgad

In January 1887) we passed a pleasant week at Batna, where the railway ended, and saw the ruins of Timgad, the finest and most splendid Roman ruins in the world. They were still unexcavated, and a forest of columns, marking the site of the forum, stood on a marble platform on the slope of a mountain and facing a long range of snow-covered crests. Rev. Archibald Henry Sayce - Reminiscences - 1923  Emperor Trajan wishing to recompense the veterans of the thirtieth legion, Ulpia Victrix, for their participation in the war against the Parthians, established them at Thamugas, not only as being a vast and fertile country, but a position of great military importance, from which they might be able to suppress the turbulence of the neighbouring mountaineers. (..) Thamugas appears to have been of greater importance than Lambaesis; its population was as great, if not greater, to judge by the size of its public buildings, especially the theatre and the area covered by its remains, while its architecture is undoubtedly older and purer. (..) The explanation of this probably is that Lambaesis was the great military station of the country, and that Thamugas was rather the centre of commercial and agricultural activity. Travels in the footsteps of Bruce Timgad is a consummate example of a Roman military colony created ex nihilo as "Colonia Marciana Traiana Thamugadi". It was founded in 100 A.D. by Trajan, probably as an encampment for the 3rd Augustan Legion which, thereafter, was quartered at Lambaesis. Its plan, laid out with great precision, illustrates Roman urban planning at its height. By the middle of the 2nd century, the rapid growth of the city had ruptured the narrow confines of its original foundation. Timgad spread beyond the perimeters of its ramparts and several major public buildings were built in the new quarters: Capitolium, temples, markets and baths. From the 1982 UNESCO brief synthesis of the outstanding universal value of Timgad.