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Secret Espionage in Early Modern Europe

The provided text outlines the global history of espionage, tracing the evolution of secret intelligence from ancient military strategy to modern cyber warfare. It highlights influential early theorists like Sun Tzu and the development of formal spy networks in Elizabethan England and 18th-century Europe. Significant focus is given to the 20th century, specifically how the World Wars and the Cold War accelerated advancements in codebreaking, human intelligence, and the creation of agencies like the CIA and KGB. The text also addresses modern challenges, including counter-terrorism efforts in the Middle East and high-profile digital data leaks like the Panama Papers. Furthermore, it examines shifting gender roles in the field and provides a comprehensive list of notable spies throughout history. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_e...