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Anyons The Third Kingdom

Key Aspects of Anyons Dimensional Restriction: Unlike fermions (electrons) and bosons (photons) that exist in 3D, anyons emerge in 2D, such as in thin semiconductor films. Unique Behavior: When two identical anyons are swapped, their quantum wavefunction changes in ways that are neither symmetric (boson-like) nor antisymmetric (fermion-like), but rather arbitrary. "Third Kingdom" Status: Coined by Nobel laureate Frank Wilczek, the term signifies that these particles do not belong to the two traditional, fundamental particle classifications. Applications in Computing: Because their state depends on the "braiding" (how they swap places) rather than local interaction, anyons are highly stable. Microsoft and other researchers believe they can form the basis of topological quantum computers that are less prone to errors.