Benign Prostate Hyperplasia (BPH) pathology, features,diagnosis and treatment скачать в хорошем качестве

Benign Prostate Hyperplasia (BPH) pathology, features,diagnosis and treatment

Benign prostatic hyperplasia, a noncancerous enlargement of the prostate gland, is the most common benign tumor found in men. BPH produces symptoms by obstructing the flow of urine through the urethra. Symptoms related to BPH are present in about one in four men by age 55, and in half of 75-year-old men. However, treatment is only necessary if symptoms become bothersome. By age 80, some 20 to 30% of men experience BPH symptoms severe enough to require treatment. Surgery was the only option until the recent approval of drugs that can relieve symptoms either by shrinking the prostate or by relaxing the prostate muscle tissue that constricts the urethra. Diagram of an enlarged prostate gland, showing the prostate gland compressing the urethra and blocking the flow of urine from the bladder Signs and Symptoms The symptoms of BPH can be divided into those caused directly by urethral obstruction and those due to secondary changes in the bladder. Typical obstructive symptoms are: Difficulty in starting to urinate despite pushing and straining A weak stream of urine; several interruptions in the stream Dribbling at the end of urination Bladder changes cause: A sudden strong desire to urinate (urgency) Frequent urination The sensation that the bladder is not empty after urination is completed Frequent awakening at night to urinate (nocturia) As the bladder becomes more sensitive to retained urine, a man, may become incontinent (unable to control the bladder causing bed wetting at night, or inability to respond quickly enough to urinary urgency). Burning or pain during urination can occur if a bladder infection or stone is present. Blood in the urine (hematuria) may herald BPH, but most men with BPH do not have hematuria. Screening and Diagnosis The American Urological Association (AUA) Symptom Index provides an objective assessment of BPH symptoms that helps to decide on treatment. However, this index cannot be used for diagnosis, since other diseases can cause symptoms similar to those of BPH. A medical history will give clues to conditions that can mimic BPH, such as possible stricture, bladder cancer or stones, or abnormal bladder function (problems with holding or emptying urine) due to a neurologic disorder (neurogenic bladder). Strictures can result from urethral damage caused by prior trauma, instrumentation (for example, catheter insertion), or an infection, such as gonorrhea. Bladder cancer is suspected if there is a history of blood in the urine. Pain in the penis or bladder area may indicate bladder stones or infection. A neurogenic bladder is suggested when an individual has diabetes or a neurologic disease such as multiple sclerosis or Parkinson's disease, or describes a recent deterioration in sexual function. A thorough medical history should also include questions about previous urinary tract infections or prostatitis (inflammation of the prostate that may cause pain in to lower back and the area between the scrotum and rectum, chills, fever, and general malaise), and any worsening of urinary symptoms when taking cold or sinus drugs. The physician will also ask whether any over-the-counter or prescription medications are being taken, because certain varieties can make voiding symptoms worse in men with BPH. Show us your support by SUBSCRIBING,LIKING and SHARING. Connect with us on our website www.medcrine.com Follow us on twitter @medcrine Telegram at https://t.me/medcrine