Acute || Sub acute || Chronic toxicity || Pharmacology-3 || B.Pharm 6th Sem скачать в хорошем качестве

Acute || Sub acute || Chronic toxicity || Pharmacology-3 || B.Pharm 6th Sem

Acute toxicity refers to those adverse effects occurring following oral or dermal administration of a single dose of a substance, or multiple doses given within 24 hours, or an inhalation exposure of 4 hours. Subacute toxicity. In subacute toxicity tests, the toxicity of a chemical agent after repeated administration is studied. Biochemical parameters and histopathological findings are evaluated after either 14 or 28 days of exposure. Chronic toxicity is generally thought of as frequent exposures where effects may be delayed (even for years) and are generally irreversible. Chronic toxicity can also result in acute exposures, with long term chronic effects. An example of chronic toxicity relates to cigarette smoking and lung cancer.