Male Urethral Catheterization; Important Anatomical facts to take into consideration скачать в хорошем качестве

Male Urethral Catheterization; Important Anatomical facts to take into consideration

Male urethral catheterization is a common medical procedure, but it requires a detailed understanding of male urethral anatomy to prevent complications and ensure a successful outcome. Here are some important anatomical facts to take into consideration: 1. Length and Curves of the Male Urethra: The male urethra is approximately 20–25 cm long, and it is divided into: Prostatic urethra (through the prostate gland). Membranous urethra (short segment surrounded by the external urethral sphincter). Spongy (penile) urethra (encased within the corpus spongiosum). The male urethra has two natural curves: Anterior curve (at the root of the penis). Posterior curve (in the membranous urethra), which straightens when the penis is elevated during catheterization. 2. Narrow and Sensitive Sections: The urethra has several narrow segments where resistance may be felt: External urethral meatus (tip of the penis). Membranous urethra (surrounded by the external sphincter). Navicular fossa (just before the meatus). These regions require careful navigation to avoid trauma or injury. 3. Presence of the Prostatic Urethra: The prostatic urethra contains the urethral crest and seminal colliculus, which could be damaged if excessive force is applied. This portion is also surrounded by the prostate gland, which may be enlarged (e.g., in benign prostatic hyperplasia, BPH), causing obstruction during catheterization. 4. Role of the External Urethral Sphincter: Located around the membranous urethra, the sphincter can reflexively tighten, especially in anxious or uncooperative patients. Gentle technique and patient relaxation are key. 5. Blood Supply and Surrounding Structures: The urethra is surrounded by the highly vascular corpus spongiosum in the penile portion. Trauma here can lead to bleeding or urethral strictures. The dorsal vein, arteries, and nerves of the penis lie close to the urethra and should not be compressed excessively during the procedure. 6. Risk of Urethral Injury: Incorrect technique can lead to urethral trauma, bleeding, or perforation. This is particularly a concern in patients with a history of urethral stricture or previous surgery. Tips for Safe Catheterization: Use adequate lubrication to minimize friction. Select the appropriate catheter size (usually 12–16 French for adult males). Advance the catheter gently and avoid forcing it if resistance is encountered. In cases of obstruction (e.g., due to BPH or stricture), consider a Coude catheter (with a curved tip) or consult a specialist. #Catheterization