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📌 Receive Comprehensive Mathematics Practice Papers Weekly for FREE Click this link to get: ▶️▶️▶️ https://iitutor.com/email-list/ ◀️◀️◀️ Step into the enchanting world of chemistry with our latest video, "Polymer Play: PVC and Polystyrene in the Spotlight!" 🌠🎭 🔬 Explore the fascinating journey from ethylene to different monomers, where we create vinyl chloride and phenylethene (styrene), also known as ethenylbenzene. 🧪 Dive deep into the secrets of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and discover how this polymer undergoes a magical transformation. We'll unveil the wizardry behind turning hard and brittle PVC into a versatile and essential material, all thanks to some clever additives. 🌟 Unravel the mystical properties of PVC, from its flexibility to its role as a thermal and electrical insulator. But beware, for lurking in the shadows are concerns about plasticizers and their potential health risks. 🛍️ Join us on an adventure through the everyday items you might not have realized owe their existence to PVC – from food packaging and shower curtains to toys and inflatable swimming pools. 🔍 But that's not all; we'll also delve into the world of polystyrene, showcasing its various forms and the methods that bring it to life. Explore the lightweight and thermal insulating qualities of polystyrene foam, and the hard, clear, and chemically inert characteristics of its crystalline form. Test your chemistry knowledge with a fun quiz, and learn about the systematic names of these monomers. Discover why polystyrene is suitable for drinking cups, and find out what disadvantage plastic items like PVC and polystyrene share. 🌍 Learn about the impact of synthetic polymers on our environment and how they persist for hundreds of years, affecting our landfills, oceans, and wildlife. Join us in this chemistry spectacle and unravel the magic of polymers! Don't miss out; hit that play button now! 🧙♂️🧪✨ Ethylene to other monomers Different functional groups can be incorporated into ethene, making other monomers. Adding chloride will make chloroethene (Vinyl chloride). Adding a benzene ring will make phenylethene (styrene), systematic name ethenylbenzene. Polyvinyl chloride – PVC Polymerization of Vinyl chloride. Pure PVC is hard and brittle and decomposes under heat and light. Not very useful in pure form. Additives are added to stabilise and change the properties of the polymer. Properties of PVC (with additives) Flexible or rigid depending on additives Thermal and electrical insulator Concerns that plasticisers used in PVC may leak out and cause health risks • food packaging • plastic wrap • containers for toiletries • cosmetics • floor tiles • shower curtains • toys • auto upholstery • inflatable swimming pools Polymerization of phenylephrine (styrene) A phenyl group displaces a hydrogen atom in ethene Polystyrene comes in many forms Depends on the method and conditions under which it is synthesised. Question 1 What is the systematic name of the monomer Vinyl chloride? (A) Ethylene dichloride (B) Styrene (C) Chloroethene ← (D) Polyvinyl chloride Question 2 What is the systematic name of the monomer styrene? (A) Chloroethene (B) Ethenylbenzene ← (C) Ethylbenzene (D) Phenylethane Question 3 Polystyrene has many uses, including the manufacture of surfboards and drinking cups. Many properties of polystyrene make it useful for both of these products. What is one property of polystyrene which makes it suitable for use as a drinking cup, but which is irrelevant to its use as a surfboard? (A) Low density (B) Rigid shape (C) Chemical inactivity (D) Heat insulation properties ← Heat insulation is not a critical factor in surfboards. The preservation of the temperature of a drink is a critical factor in cups. Question 4 What is one disadvantage that these plastic items share? (A) They are cheaper than previously used materials, e.g. glass. (B) They are safer to use than previously used materials, e.g. glass. (C) Their use has increased our waste disposal problems as they do not easily biodegrade. ← (D) They are disposable: they are designed to be used once and then thrown away. Synthetic polymers such as polyethylene, PVC and polystyrene have large intact carbon chain structures that are chemically inert. Therefore, they remain in our environment for hundreds of years. Plastics in the environment are unsightly, increase landfills, pollute the land and oceans, and are hazardous to wildlife. Question 5 If a sample of PVC has, on average, polymer chains containing 15 000 monomer units, calculate its molar mass. 1 Vinyl chloride monomer unit contains: • 2 carbon atoms (2 x 12.01 = 24.02) • 3 hydrogen atoms (3 x 1.008 = 3.024) • 1 chlorine atom (35.45) 1 Vinyl chloride monomer has atomic mass units of 62.494. A PVC chain of 15000 monomer units will have a.m.u of 937 410. The molar mass of the PVC chain size is 937 410 g.