Dowry system in India | Wikipedia audio article скачать в хорошем качестве

Dowry system in India | Wikipedia audio article

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article: Dowry system in India 00:02:21 1 Historical context 00:06:44 2 Causes of the dowry 00:07:02 2.1 Economic factors 00:08:42 2.2 Social factors 00:10:12 2.3 Religious factors 00:11:01 3 Dowry in the modern era 00:13:42 4 Types of dowry crimes 00:14:53 4.1 Cruelty 00:15:41 4.2 Domestic violence 00:16:12 4.3 Abetment to suicide 00:17:02 4.4 Dowry murder 00:18:51 5 Laws against dowry 00:20:13 5.1 Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 00:21:45 5.2 Criminal statutes – Indian Penal Code, Criminal Procedure Code and Evidence Act 00:24:22 5.3 Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 00:25:31 5.4 International conventions 00:26:30 6 Criticisms on the enforcement of dowry laws 00:27:53 7 Criticisms on the abuse of dowry laws 00:30:49 8 See also Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago. Learning by listening is a great way to: increases imagination and understanding improves your listening skills improves your own spoken accent learn while on the move reduce eye strain Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone. You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:    / @wikipediatts983   You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through: https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts "The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing." Socrates SUMMARY ======= The dowry system in India refers to the durable goods, cash, and real or movable property that the bride's family gives to the bridegroom, his parents, or his relatives as a condition of the marriage. Dowry stemmed from India's skewed inheritance laws, and the Hindu Succession Act needed to be amended to stop the routine disinheritance of daughters. Dowry is essentially in the nature of a payment in cash or some kind of gifts given to the bridegroom's family along with the bride and includes cash, jewellery, electrical appliances, furniture, bedding, crockery, utensils and other household items that help the newlyweds set up their home. Dowry is referred to as Dahez in Arabic (derived from Islamic jahez-e-fatimi). In far eastern parts of India, dowry is called Aaunnpot. The dowry system is thought to put great financial burden on the bride's family. In some cases, the dowry system leads to crime against women, ranging from emotional abuse and injury to even deaths. The payment of dowry has long been prohibited under specific Indian laws including the Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 and subsequently by Sections 304B and 498A of the Indian Penal Code. A court judgement clarifies the legal definition of dowry as "Dowry" in the sense of the expression contemplated by Dowry Prohibition Act is a demand for property of valuable security having an inextricable nexus with the marriage, i.e., it is a consideration from the side of the bride's parents or relatives to the groom or his parents and/or guardian for the agreement to wed the bride-to-be. The Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 article 3 specifies that the penalty for giving or taking dowry does not apply to presents which are given at the time of a marriage to the bride or bridegroom, when no demand for them have been made. Although Indian laws against dowries have been in effect for decades, they have been largely criticised as being ineffective. The practice of dowry deaths and murders continues to take place unchecked in many parts of India and this has further added to the concerns of enforcement.Section 498A of the Indian Penal Code required the bridegroom and his family to be automatically arrested if a wife complains of dowry harassment. The law was widely abused and in 2014, the Supreme Court ruled that arrests can only be made with a magistrate's approval..