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Who Are the Greenlanders?

Who Are the Greenlanders? The history of the Greenlandic Inuit is a story shaped by one of the harshest environments on Earth and by centuries of contact with powerful outsiders. Long before Europeans arrived, the ancestors of today’s Greenlanders migrated across the Arctic, developing sophisticated hunting technologies and survival strategies that allowed them to thrive in ice-bound landscapes. Their society evolved through different prehistoric cultures until the Thule people, the direct ancestors of modern Inuit, spread across Greenland and established the foundations of Inuit life that still exist today. This story later became intertwined with the arrival of the Norse, led by Erik the Red, who founded medieval settlements in southern Greenland. For several centuries, Norse farmers and Inuit hunters lived in overlapping worlds, until the mysterious collapse of the Norse colonies in the 15th century left the Inuit as Greenland’s sole inhabitants once again. Their dominance, however, did not mean isolation, as European powers soon returned with new ambitions. From the 18th century onward, Denmark gradually turned Greenland into a colony, reshaping Inuit society through trade monopolies, missionary activity, and political control. These changes transformed traditional hunting communities and tied Greenland closely to Europe, while also producing lasting social and cultural tensions that remain visible today. Through it all, the Greenlandic Inuit preserved their identity, language, and connection to the Arctic. Their history is not only about survival in extreme nature, but also about resilience in the face of colonization, cultural pressure, and rapid modernization. This is the deeper story behind modern Greenland and the people who have called it home for over a thousand years. #greenland #inuit #history