The Story of Zarathushtra скачать в хорошем качестве

The Story of Zarathushtra

The history of Zoroastrianism encompasses a literary and theological transformation from the Gathic and Avestan languages ​​to the Pahlavi period. Monotheism centered on Ahura Mazda was gradually blended with angels (Yazatas) and rituals. The dualistic struggle between good and evil aims for ultimate liberation. According to the sources provided, the roles of Ahura Mazda and other sacred beings (Amesha, Spentas, Yazatas, and Fravashis) in human life, while showing some changes according to the historical development of Zoroastrianism (Gatha period, Later Avestan period, and Pahlavi period), are fundamentally based on helping humans fight evil and achieve ultimate liberation through righteous thought, righteous speech, and righteous deeds. Ahura Mazda (The Wise Lord) Ahura Mazda, at the center of Zoroastrian theology, is the creator and absolute sovereign of existence. • Creator and Source: Ahura Mazda created the universe with his thought, clothed the luminous realms in light, and established the universal order (Asha). He created the cattle, waters, plants, sun, and stars that bring joy. He is the creator of both the material and spiritual worlds for humanity, and everything exists from Him and through Him. • Wisdom and Lawgiver: Ahura Mazda, whose name means "Wise Lord," governs the universe with His wisdom and has established the laws necessary for human life. He has endowed humans with free will and given them the ability to choose between right and wrong. • Judge and Friend: Ahura Mazda is the absolute judge who observes, knows, and judges the actions of people. However, He is not only a distant judge but also a friend, brother, and father to those who choose righteousness. People can establish friendship with Him and seek His protection by praying to Him. Amesha Spentas (Holy Immortals) In Zoroastrian teachings, these beings, initially abstract attributes of Ahura Mazda, were eventually personified as archangels and assumed the task of protecting both spiritual virtues and material creations. 1. Vohu Manah (Good Thought): Ahura Mazda's first creation, representing His "Good Thought." It purifies the human mind and inspires good thoughts, the foundation of good behavior. In the material world, it is the protector of animals (cattle). It also welcomes virtuous souls at the gates of heaven after death. 2. Asha Vahishta (The Best Righteousness/Order): Represents universal order and righteousness. It is the foundation of human moral life and is considered the protector of fire. It eliminates diseases, death, and demons (especially Druj). 3. Khshathra Vairya (Desired Kingdom/Power): Represents Ahura Mazda's sovereignty and power. In the material world, it is the protector of metals and underground riches. It is also seen as a merciful power that helps the poor. 4. Spenta Armaiti (Sacred Devotion/Worship): Referred to as the daughter of Ahura Mazda, she symbolizes devotion to Him. In the material world, she is the protector of the earth. She sanctifies the human heart and also functions as the protector of virtuous women. 5. Haurvatat (Wholeness/Health) and Ameretat (Immortality): Often mentioned together, this duo represents spiritual liberation and immortality, while in the material world, they are the protectors of waters and plants. Yazatas (Worshipful Ones - Angels) These beings, who come after the Amesha Spentas and are numerous, serve as helpful forces in people's daily lives. • Sraosha (Obedience): Protects people from demons, especially the demon of anger, Aeshma. He is the messenger who teaches the religion of Ahura Mazda to the world. Its most important task is to guide souls after death and protect them to the bridge of judgment (Chinwad). • Mithra (Covenant/Light): He is the guardian of truth and covenants; he punishes those who lie and break their promises. As the lord of light, he protects vast pastures and grants victory to the righteous side in battles. He also acts as a judge in the judgment of souls after death. • Rashnu (Justice): He is the angel of righteousness and weighs the good and bad deeds of souls on a golden scale after death. • Atar (Fire): He is considered the son of Ahura Mazda and is an intermediary between humans and God. He brings prosperity, abundant sustenance, and wisdom to the home. • Anahita (Waters): She governs the waters, grants women fertility, easy childbirth, and milk; and bestows strength and victory upon men. • Tishtrya (Rain Star): Brings rain and abundance to the world by fighting the drought demon Apaosha. Fravashi (Guardian Spirits) Fravashi are the celestial prototypes and guardian spirits of every being (including humans, gods, and material objects). • Guidance and Protection: When a person is born, a Fravashi descends to earth and guides the person's soul, warning them against dangers and trying to lead them on the right path.