Rationalism vs. Empiricism: Intuition and Deduction and Innate Knowledge (Epistemology Episode 3) скачать в хорошем качестве

Rationalism vs. Empiricism: Intuition and Deduction and Innate Knowledge (Epistemology Episode 3)

An overview of the rationalism vs. empiricism debate in epistemology broken down into the innate knowledge debate and the intuition and deduction debate. In general, empiricists (such as Locke and Hume) say all knowledge requires a posteriori experience but the rationalists (such as Descartes, Leibniz, and Plato) say we can acquire some knowledge a priori without any experience. We look at two ways rationalists can argue this: 1. That we are born with innate knowledge, and/or 2. That we can acquire knowledge using only intuition and deduction. The terms 'rationalism' and 'empiricism' were invented after these philosophers were writing and even today aren't clearly defined, though, so we end up going round the houses talking about analytic truths, synthetic truths, Hume's fork, evil demons, getting punched by ghosts, and knowledge of alien worlds in order to define and evaluate rationalism and empiricism. These videos are based around the AQA A-level philosophy syllabus. 00:00 Intro 01:45 Overview and definitions 02:14 A priori and a posteriori knowledge 06:00 Rationalism's innate knowledge thesis 07:06 Plato's argument for innate knowledge (Meno's slave) 12:10 Leibniz's argument for innate knowledge (necessary truths) 15:41 Locke's empiricist tabula rasa theory 19:04 Locke's arguments against innate knowledge 20:41 Leibniz vs. Locke on innate knowledge 23:58 Summary: The innate knowledge thesis 25:24 Rationalism's intuition and deduction thesis 26:17 Analytic and synthetic truths 31:02 Descartes' Meditations 33:16 Descartes' cogito argument for rationalism ('I exist' as an a priori intuition) 35:40 Descartes' trademark argument for rationalism ('God exists' as an a priori deduction) 39:38 Descartes' external world argument for rationalism ('objects exist' as an a priori deduction) 42:04 Hume's empiricist fork 45:22 Hume's fork applied to Descartes' argument for objects 47:24 Hume's fork applied to Descartes' trademark argument 48:55 Locke's tabula rasa applied to Descartes' trademark argument 50:18 Hume's fork applied to Descartes' cogito argument 52:09 Summary: The intuition and deduction thesis 54:34 Outro and book recommendations References/further reading: My website: https://philosophyalevel.com/aqa-phil... My book: https://www.amazon.com/How-Get-Level-... Meno by Plato. Full text here: https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/... Meditations on First Philosophy by Rene Descartes. Full text here: https://philosophyalevel.com/rene-des... An Essay Concerning Human Understanding by John Locke. Full text here: https://www.gutenberg.org/files/10615... An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding by David Hume. Full text here: https://www.gutenberg.org/files/9662/... New Essays on Human Understanding by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. Preface and book 1 available here: https://www.earlymoderntexts.com/asse... Stanford's summary (a good resource) of the rationalism vs. empiricism debate: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ra... Cogito ergo sum as an a priori intuition (rather than deduction/argument):    • Cogito Ergo Sum is Not an Argument #philos...   Something I wrote about Hume's missing shade of blue counterexample. I didn't talk about it in this video but it's a classic argument that can support rationalism: https://philosophyalevel.com/posts/hu... #philosophy #epistemology #alevelphilosophy