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Acute Heart Failure

This clinical guideline outlines the emergency management of heart failure exacerbations, focusing on the critical physiological task of reducing the heart's workload to alleviate life-threatening pulmonary edema. The text prioritizes the use of nitroglycerin as a primary vasodilator to decrease both preload and afterload, thereby shifting fluid away from the lungs and lowering the cardiac demand for oxygen. Simultaneously, it advocates for Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) as a mechanical intervention to stabilize respiration and provide additional pressure support for the struggling left ventricle. Throughout these protocols, the source emphasizes vigilant patient monitoring, warning clinicians to screen for contraindications like erectile dysfunction medications or right-sided heart attacks to avoid precipitating a dangerous drop in blood pressure.