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Your sleeping brain is not resting. It is doing some of the most sophisticated cognitive work of your entire day, and most people have no idea it is happening. Neuroscientist Dr. Jess Payne explains what the hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex are doing while you sleep, why cutting sleep short may be one of the most costly mistakes you can make, and what decades of research from multiple laboratories (including her own) have established about the active sleeping brain. 0:00 Introduction: The Active Sleeping Brain 1:28 Common Misconceptions About Sleep 2:08 Why Sleep Is Essential for Brain Function 3:35 Memory Consolidation During Sleep 5:30 Key Brain Regions Active During Sleep 6:48 The Role of the Hippocampus in Learning and Memory 9:35 The Amygdala: Processing Emotions in Sleep 11:18 Emotional Regulation and the Prefrontal Cortex 12:48 The Dance Between Primitive and Evolved Brain Systems 13:28 Consequences of Sleep Deprivation 14:35 Conclusion: Sleep for Cognitive and Emotional Health Dr. Jessica Payne is a professor at the University of Notre Dame, where she runs the Sleep, Stress, and Memory Lab. She is Co-Founder of The Brain-Based Leader, which brings 40+ years of combined neuroscience expertise to executives, clinicians, and organizations. Research referenced in this video (full citations for the curious). Ben Simon, E., & Walker, M. P. (2018). Sleep loss causes social withdrawal and loneliness. Nature Communications, 9(1), 3146. Ben Simon, E., Rossi, A., Harvey, A. G., & Walker, M. P. (2020). Overanxious and underslept. Nature Human Behaviour, 4(1), 100-110. Cai, D. J., Mednick, S. A., Harrison, E. M., Kanady, J. C., & Mednick, S. C. (2009). REM, not incubation, improves creativity by priming associative networks. PNAS, 106(25), 10130-10134. Diekelmann, S., & Born, J. (2010). The memory function of sleep. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 11(2), 114-126. Goldstein, A. N., & Walker, M. P. (2014). The role of sleep in emotional brain function. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 10, 679-708. Kim, S. Y., & Payne, J. D. (2020). Neural correlates of sleep, stress, and selective memory consolidation. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 33, 57-64. Payne, J. D., & Kensinger, E. A. (2010). Sleep's role in the consolidation of emotional episodic memories. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 19(5), 290-295. Payne, J. D., & Kensinger, E. A. (2018). Stress, sleep, and the selective consolidation of emotional memories. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 19, 36-43. Scoville, W. B., & Milner, B. (1957). Loss of recent memory after bilateral hippocampal lesions. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 20(1), 11-21. Van Dongen, H. P. A., Maislin, G., Mullington, J. M., & Dinges, D. F. (2003). The cumulative cost of additional wakefulness: Dose-response effects on neurobehavioral functions and sleep physiology from chronic sleep restriction and total sleep deprivation. Sleep, 26(2), 117-126. van der Helm, E., Yao, J., Dutt, S., Rao, V., Saletin, J. M., & Walker, M. P. (2011). REM sleep depotentiates amygdala activity to previous emotional experiences. Current Biology, 21(23), 2029-2032. Wagner, U., Gais, S., Haider, H., Verleger, R., & Born, J. (2004). Sleep inspires insight. Nature, 427(6972), 352-355. Wilson, M. A., & McNaughton, B. L. (1994). Reactivation of hippocampal ensemble memories during sleep. Science, 265(5172), 676-679. Yoo, S. S., Gujar, N., Hu, P., Jolesz, F. A., & Walker, M. P. (2007). The human emotional brain without sleep: A prefrontal amygdala disconnect. Current Biology, 17(20), R877-R878.