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The Soviet Empire of Nations

Nationalism was a weapon used by oppressed peoples against imperial rule. And it was used by nations to suppress national minorities. (Sometimes in an attempt to become an empire themselves.) It could also be used by empires to destabilize other empires and as a tool to gain more influence abroad. The Bolshevik party tried to combine all of these effects. According to Lenin, nations only want to seceede when they are suppressed. So, the new anti-imperialist empire had to support the expression of nationalism instead of censoring it. This went hand in hand with the establishment of an oppressive one-party state. In practice this lead to jury-rigged policies. Under the slogan "national in form, socialist in content" the Bolsheviks supported certain forms of national expression while censoring anything that could threaten their absolute rule. Affirmative actions and ethnic cleansing went hand in hand. This video tries to approach the complex topic with a summary of the Bolshevist nationalities policy under Lenin and Stalin based on Terry Martin's work. Main Source: Terry Martin, "The Affirmative Action Empire: Nations and Nationalism in the Soviet Union, 1923–1939", 2001 other sources: Francine Hirsch, "Empire of Nations: Ethnographic Knowledge and the Making of the Soviet Union", 2005 Timestamps 0:00 Intro 1:20 Nationalism and Marxism 3:46 Goal of the Nationalities Policy 5:50 Skepticism 7:24 The RSFSR 10:30 Content of the Policy 15:21 Suppression of the Russian Nation 18:24 Implementation 20:04 Reading Signals 20:54 Foreign Policy - The Borderlands 22:12 Successes and Failures 29:24 Russification 30:22 Interviews 31:51 Conclusion