00 - Introduction скачать в хорошем качестве

00 - Introduction

In the introduction, Daniel Kahneman presents the central idea of the book: our mind operates with two modes of thinking. System 1 is fast, automatic, and intuitive; System 2 is slow, deliberate, and requires effort. You will see why we rely so heavily on intuitions that sometimes fail, how biases appear without us realizing it, and how learning to detect them improves decisions in work, money, and everyday life. Kahneman explains that this framework emerged from decades of research with his colleague Amos Tversky, studying how people make judgments under uncertainty. The book's goal is to improve the ability to identify and understand errors of judgment and choice—both our own and those of others. It provides a richer and more precise language for discussing cognitive errors, which can improve organizational decision-making, personal choices, and policy design. The introduction establishes that System 1 operates automatically and quickly, with little or no effort and no sense of voluntary control. Examples include detecting that one object is more distant than another, orienting to the source of a sudden sound, completing the phrase "bread and...", understanding simple sentences, and driving a car on an empty road. System 2 allocates attention to effortful mental activities that demand it, including complex computations. Its operations are often associated with the subjective experience of agency, choice, and concentration. A key theme is that System 1 generates impressions and feelings that are the main sources of the explicit beliefs and deliberate choices of System 2. When System 1 runs into difficulty, it calls on System 2 to support more detailed and specific processing. System 2 is mobilized when a question arises for which System 1 does not offer an answer. The book explores the boundary between automatic System 1 processes and effortful System 2 processes—and how this division of labor between the two systems shapes judgment and decision-making.