Montague-Chelmsford Reforms(1919)Salient features Assessment| IDEOLOGY AND CONSTITUTION OF PAKISTANN скачать в хорошем качестве

Montague-Chelmsford Reforms(1919)Salient features Assessment| IDEOLOGY AND CONSTITUTION OF PAKISTANN

The Montague-Chelmsford Reforms (1919) • Indians started a movement of self-government during WW1. • Hindu-Muslim unity due to Lucknow Pact. • Indians more aware politically. • In order to pacify Muslims British Govt. sent Lord Chelmsford as G.G in sub-continent. • Montague, Secretary for India, announced reforms for India after every 10 years. • Reforms primary aim was to train Indians for self- govt. Salient features 1. Number of Indians in G.G executive council was increased up to three times. 2. A bicameral legislature was set up: Lower house--- Indian Legislative Assembly Members:145 Term: 3 years Upper house--- Council of States Members: 60 Term: 5 years 3. Subjects/ departments were divided into central and provincial levels: Central subjects--- defense, foreign affairs, customs, railway, communication and currency. Provincial subjects--- local government, health, education, irrigation, agriculture. 4. Right of separate electorate was kept intact. 5. Secretary of State for India was given salary from British finance earlier he got from Indian finance. 6. Most important feature was introduction of Dyarchy System—double rule, a system of government in which powers were divided between two authorities in provinces. • Reserved subjects were managed by elected ministers from provincial assemblies. • Transferred subjects were managed by Secretaries of Indian Civil Services