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Ancient Indian Inscriptions

#Sakas of Western India.  #Kashaharata Family. (House of Nahapana.) Inscription Number 129: #Nasik #Cave Inscription of the time of mahapana. (c. 119-24 A.D) (Saka) Year 41, 42, 45 ( = D 119, 120, 123.) Provenance: Nasik, Nasik district, Maharashtra. Immediately. below the inscription of Dakshamitra,, daughter of Kshahapata Kshatrapa, Nahapana and wife of Ushavadata, in the veranda of Cave number 10, over the door way of last cell. Script Brahm. Language: Prakrit. Sakas belonged to Scythian Ethnic stock.(A mixture of European-related ancestry and an East Asian/Siberian ancestry.) The movement of Sakas into north-western India came to heels of their displacement from the plains of Syr Darya, by the Yueh Chi, a chinese tribe, in the 2nd century BCE. Rather they were forced out of their homes and had no choice but to invade India from the north western border of present day China. Sakas had accepted the indian social and cultural fabric & hindu way of life, though initially they were nomadic predatory tribes of China. The sakas after establishing their royal houses in India, accepted Indian religions and local mode of living despite their technical involvement in realm of politics. Like hindu royalities, they called themselves with titles Like Rajan, maharaja Raya maharaya etc. Sakas therefore modelled their lives, according to the rules of indigenous polity.  The earlier members of the house of Nahapana and Chashtana were probably feudatories of the Kushanas the later members retained their feudatory title even after they had assumed independence. That explains the simultaneous use of subordinate end independent titles, e.g.Kshatrapa. svamin, rajan etc. English Translation of the inscription Success ! In the year 42 in the month Visakha, lshavadata (= Rishabbadatta) son of Dinika, son-in-law of king Nahapana, the Kshaharata Kshatrapa, has bestowed this cave on the samgha, generally he has also given a perpetual endowment.three thousand (3000) Karsnapanas, which for the members of the Samgha of any sect and any origin dwelling in this cave. will cover the expenses of clothing and ordinary food and those karashapanas have been invested in guilds dwelling in Govardhana (2000) in a waavers' guild. intrest one pratika (per month) for the hundred, (and) 1000 in another weavers guild. interest three quarters of a karshapana per month, per hundred. And those Karshapanas, are not to be repaid. their intrest is only to be enjoyed. Out of them the two thousand (2000)- at one pratika par cent are he cloth money. Out of them to every one of the twenty monks who live in this cave, a cloth money of twelve Karshapanas. The one thousand invested at the interest of three quarters of a karashapana, per cent. out of them,for covering the cost of simple ordinary food. And at the village of Chikhalapadra in the Kapur district have bean given eight thousand (8000) steme of coconut trees and all this has been proclaimed in the City Corporation निगम सभा and has been registered in record office फलकवारे (Shed for record plates, according to custom) Again the donation previously made by the same person (i.e. Ushovadata) in the year 41, on the fifteenth of the bright half of Karttika, has in tha year 45. on the fifteenth has been settled on the venerable goods and brahmanas. viz. 70000 Karshapanas, each thirty five making a suvarna, a capital (therefore of two thousand suvanas. ( This is registered) at the second office according to custom. 1. Suvarna here is supposed to be the gold coin of the Kushanas (See Rapson Catalogue, pp clxxv) It was probably of 124 grain standard. and was equal in value to 35 silver karshapanas of 40 grain standard of Nahapana. Originally karshapanas was a coin weighing 1 karsha= 80 rattis 18= 146.4 grains ( A ratti = 1.83 grains). The gold suvarna, the copper pana and and kautilyas are of this standard. The ordinary silver dharana or purana was usually of ,32 rotis = 58.56 grains. Karshapanas are known to have been issued in copper, gold as well as in silver. and their value varied with time and place. For complete details http://ancientindia.co.in/sakas-of-western...