Aldehyde and Ketone | Condensation reaction | Class 12 | CBSE BOARD | IITJEE | NEET BY Rajeev Kumar скачать в хорошем качестве

Aldehyde and Ketone | Condensation reaction | Class 12 | CBSE BOARD | IITJEE | NEET BY Rajeev Kumar

Aldehyde and Ketone | Condensation reaction | Class 12 | CBSE BOARD | IITJEE | NEET BY Rajeev Kumar This video by RAJEEV CHEMISTRY explains the condensation reactions and reduction reactions of aldehydes and ketones, essential topics for Class 12 CBSE Board, IITJEE, and NEET students. The video covers various condensation reactions (0:26), which involve two molecules combining with the elimination of a small molecule like water. These include reactions with: Hydrazine (0:52): Forms hydrazones. Phenylhydrazine (3:09): Forms phenylhydrazones. 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNP) (5:14): Forms 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones, used as a test for aldehydes and ketones. Semicarbazide (8:15): Forms semicarbazones. Hydroxylamine (10:13): Forms oximes (aldoximes from aldehydes and ketoximes from ketones). The video then transitions to the reduction of aldehydes and ketones (13:21). It explains: Reduction to Alcohols (13:21): Aldehydes reduce to primary alcohols, and ketones reduce to secondary alcohols using reducing agents like lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4), sodium borohydride (NaBH4), or hydrogen in the presence of metal catalysts (Ni, Pt, or Pd). Clemmensen Reduction (16:38): This highly important reaction uses zinc amalgam (Zn-Hg) and concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl) to directly convert the carbonyl group of aldehydes or ketones into a methylene (CH2) group, forming alkanes. Wolff-Kishner Reduction (21:32): Another significant reduction method that converts aldehydes and ketones into alkanes. It involves a two-step process: first, reacting the carbonyl compound with hydrazine to form a hydrazone, followed by treatment with a strong base (like KOH or NaOH) and heat, which eliminates nitrogen gas to yield the alkane.