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Circuit Courts and the Origin of English Common Law

In English jurisprudence, a circuit rider was a traveling judge who presided over cases in different regions, ensuring legal consistency across the kingdom. This practice originated in medieval England, where royal justices journeyed between designated courts to administer justice, particularly in areas lacking permanent judicial institutions. Circuit riding helped centralize legal authority, reinforcing the king’s law in distant territories. Over time, the system evolved into the assizes, where judges traveled on established circuits to hear criminal and civil cases. This tradition influenced later judicial structures, including the circuit courts in the United States, which initially relied on traveling judges.