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TPH Risk (RB April 1 2022)

This presentation discusses methods to assess the weighted toxicity of petroleum contamination in air, soil and water with a focus on Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH). Use Time Tags below to skip to specific topics. The presentation was originally given to the University of Hawaii by Roger Brewer of the Hawaii Department of Health in response to the release of jet fuel from the Navy’s Red Hill tank farm into the Pearl Harbor Navy Base drinking water system. Risk posed by petroleum contamination is assessed in terms of three distinct groups of compounds: 1) Individually targeted and well-studied compounds such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes and naphthalene (BTEXN); 2) Non-specific aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons collectively referred to as “Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH)” and 3) Degradation compounds related to BTEXN and TPH mixtures, collectively referred to as “Hydrocarbon Oxidation Products (HOPs)”. Although molecule-for-molecule less “toxic”, than well-studied, individual compounds, risk is most often driven by TPH and/or HOPs compounds due to their overwhelming dominance in the contaminated media. This highlights the need to test for and consider these compounds as part of a human health and ecological risk assessment. Presentation Time Tags (0:00) Introduction (0:35)Terminology (2:25) Petroleum risk misconceptions (6:34) Outline (8:04) Environmental Hazard Evaluation Basics (12:55) Toxicity Factors and Risk-Based Action Levels (16:20) Dose makes the poison (18:05) What is petroleum and how is it tested for at the laboratory (GRO, DRO and RRO)? (25:22) What is TPH and how is risk assessed? (30:34) Partitioning of TPH compounds in the environment? (33:48) Carbon range makeup of TPH in air, fuel and water (39:20) Carbon Range vs TPH Action Levels (40:12) Calculation of TPH weighted toxicity (43:55) Example carbon range-weighted TPH toxicity factors (48:08) What drives risk, TPH or Benzene? (58:12) Weighted toxicity of degraded petroleum mixtures (HOPs) (1:04:25) Need for better TPH and HOPs laboratory methods (1:06:12) Summary (1:07:35) Questions (1:08:40) Site-specific evaluation of TPH (1:11:24) Petroleum degradation stages and weighted toxicity