Movement in Knee joint | Antagonism | NBF | FBISE | Class 12 | Muscle Disorders скачать в хорошем качестве

Movement in Knee joint | Antagonism | NBF | FBISE | Class 12 | Muscle Disorders

Knee Joint Movement at 12th Thoracic Vertebrae Level: At the 12th thoracic vertebrae level (T12), the knee joint is influenced by the lumbar and sacral nerves. Movements: 1. Flexion (130-140°): Knee bends, tibia moves posteriorly. 2. Extension (0-10°): Knee straightens, tibia moves anteriorly. 3. Rotation (medial and lateral): Tibia rotates inward and outward. Muscles Involved: 1. Quadriceps femoris (extension) 2. Hamstrings (flexion) 3. Gastrocnemius (flexion) 4. Popliteus (rotation) Disorders of Muscles: Basics Types of Muscle Disorders: 1. Inflammatory (e.g., myositis) 2. Degenerative (e.g., muscular dystrophy) 3. Traumatic (e.g., strains, tears) 4. Neurological (e.g., muscle weakness, paralysis) Common Muscle Disorders: 1. Muscle strain 2. Tendinitis 3. Muscle tears 4. Muscular dystrophy 5. Myasthenia gravis Causes: 1. Overuse or repetitive strain 2. Trauma or injury 3. Infection 4. Autoimmune disorders 5. Genetic mutations Symptoms: 1. Pain 2. Weakness 3. Fatigue 4. Swelling 5. Limited mobility Diagnosis: 1. Physical examination 2. Imaging tests (e.g., X-ray, MRI) 3. Electromyography (EMG) 4. Muscle biopsy Treatment: 1. Rest and rehabilitation 2. Physical therapy 3. Medications (e.g., pain relievers, corticosteroids) 4. Surgery Knee-Specific Muscle Disorders: 1. Patellofemoral pain syndrome 2. Quadriceps tendonitis 3. Hamstring strains 4. IT band syndrome 5. Osgood-Schlatter disease Muscle Actions at the Knee Joint: 1. Quadriceps: Extends knee (contracts) 2. Hamstrings: Flexes knee (contracts) 3. Gastrocnemius: Flexes knee (contracts) 4. Popliteus: Rotates tibia (contracts) Understanding muscle fu#onlinebiology nction and disorders helps diagnose and manage knee-related #federalboard #biology #fbise #humananatomy #onlinelearning #science #bioclass #class12