cytotoxic agents Drugs used in the chemotherapy of neoplastic diseases скачать в хорошем качестве

cytotoxic agents Drugs used in the chemotherapy of neoplastic diseases

Major Classes of Cytotoxic Agents Class Examples Mechanism of Action Clinical Use Alkylating agents Cyclophosphamide, Ifosfamide, Melphalan, Busulfan Form covalent bonds with DNA → cross-linking → inhibition of replication Leukemias, lymphomas, solid tumors Platinum coordination complexes Cisplatin, Carboplatin, Oxaliplatin Form DNA adducts → disrupt DNA replication and transcription Testicular, ovarian, lung, colorectal cancers Antimetabolites Methotrexate, 5-Fluorouracil, Cytarabine, Gemcitabine Mimic normal metabolites → inhibit DNA/RNA synthesis Leukemias, breast, GI, pancreatic cancers Natural products (plant-derived) Vincristine, Vinblastine (vinca alkaloids); Paclitaxel, Docetaxel (taxanes); Etoposide (podophyllotoxin); Irinotecan, Topotecan (camptothecins) Disrupt microtubule function or inhibit topoisomerases Leukemias, lymphomas, breast, ovarian, lung cancers Antitumor antibiotics Doxorubicin, Daunorubicin, Bleomycin, Mitomycin C Intercalate DNA, generate free radicals, inhibit topoisomerase II Breast cancer, lymphomas, sarcomas Miscellaneous agents Hydroxyurea, Procarbazine, Temozolomide Various mechanisms (DNA synthesis inhibition, methylation) Leukemias, brain tumors ⚠️ Key Considerations Cytotoxic agents are non-selective → they target rapidly dividing cells, which explains both their efficacy and toxicity (e.g., bone marrow suppression, alopecia, GI upset). Combination chemotherapy is often used to maximize efficacy and reduce resistance. Supportive care (antiemetics, growth factors, hydration) is essential to manage side effects. Targeted therapies and immunotherapies are non-cytotoxic alternatives increasingly used, but cytotoxic drugs remain the backbone for many cancers #Cytotoxic