Excipients | Additives | Nondrug components скачать в хорошем качестве

Excipients | Additives | Nondrug components

Chapter 6 DOSAGE FORM Pharmaceutics Pharmaceutics is the branch of pharmacy that deals with the conversion of (new chemical entity) NCE to proper dosage form (drug delivery system). It is also called the science of dosage form design.  Pharmaceutics converts a drug into a medicine. Drug Delivery System. It is the administration of drug or medicine to the living system for their desired action in body(cure, management or prophylaxis of disease). Medicines are drug delivery systems, they are means of administering drugs to the body in a safe, efficient and convenient manner. Dosage form Dosage form is the physical form of a dose of drug. Any Pharmaceutical product which is ready for the use of patient is known as dosage form (OR) Any pharmaceutical product which has defined shape and have prescribed amount of APIs (Active pharmaceutical ingredient) called a dosage form. Dosage forms are essentially pharmaceutical products, typically involving a mixture of active drug components and nondrug components. Drug/Active ingredient/Medicament/Medicinal agent This is a pharmacologically active ingredient in a medicine (Which has pharmacological action). e.g. Aspirin, Insulin, Digoxin Additives/ Excipients Additives are the substances other than the active medicaments in the formulation (dosage form), which don’t have any pharmacological action. They are used for many purposes as: ✓ To give a particular shape to the formulation. ✓ To increase the stability of the product ✓ To increase the palatability and elegance of the preparation. Additives may include: Surfactants, diluents, vehicles, bases, stabilizers, preservatives, coloring agents, flavoring agents, sweetening agents. Vehicles It may be described as a medium in which the ingredients of a formulation are dissolved, suspended or dispersed. The vehicle is a general word may be used for liquids, semisolids or solids. When a liquid is used to dissolve or suspend the medicament the liquid is known as vehicle. . Water , Aromatic waters, water for injection, glycerine, propylene glycol, Oils. When a semi-solid or solid is used; it is known as base. In which the drug is incorporated either to increase the bulk or to give a particular shape to the formulation. Generally these are used for the preparation of ointments and suppositories. Commonly used ointment bases are soft paraffin, liquid paraffin, wool fat, wool alcohol, bees wax. Suppository bases: theobroma oil, glycerogelatin, polyethylene glycols. Diluents Diluents are the inert substances which are specially added to increase the bulk of a drug or to decrease the concentration. The liquids which are used as vehicles may be specifically used as diluents but for oral preparations water is the most suitable diluents. Solid diluents are included in the formulation of powders, granules, tablets, capsules where they are used to increase the bulk of other materials for easy conversion into proper dosage form. In potent drugs diluents are incorporated to increase the bulk so that they can be weighed easily.e.g. Kaolin, lactose, starch, sorbitol, powdered cellulose. Binders Substances used to cause adhesion of powder particles in tablet granulations e.g. Acacia, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, gelatin, liquid glucose. Tablet Disintegrants To promote tablet break up into smaller particles after administration. e.g. Starch, microcrystalline cellulose, carboxymethyl ellulose, sodium alginate, alginic acid. Lubricants/Anti-adherents Prevent tablet ingredients from sticking to punches and dies during production and assist smooth tablet formation. e.g. magnesium stearate, talc. Glidants Used in tablet and capsule formulations to improve flow properties of powder mixture. e.g colloidal silica, corn starch, talc Excipients | Additives | Nondrug components #pharmaceutics #pharmacy #pharmacytechnician . . . . . . . .. #viral #pharmaceutics #law #easy #pharmacognosy #pharmacology #pharmacognosy #pharmacytechnician #pharmacytechnician #social #pharmacy_notes #pharmacy #comedy #dance #music #drama #entertainment #fun #joy #islam #islamic #study