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Serotonin: Neurobiology & Mental Health

I. Overview Of Serotonin Systems Serotonin acts as a monoamine neurotransmitter. It is found in the central nervous system. It also exists in the gastrointestinal tract. It modulates mood, cognition, and anxiety. It is critical for learning and memory. It helps regulate sleep and wake cycles. II. Central Versus Peripheral Roles Only 5 percent of serotonin is in the CNS. 95 percent is in the peripheral nervous system. It cannot cross the blood-brain barrier. CNS synthesis occurs in raphe nuclei. Peripheral serotonin acts as a hormone. The two systems function independently. III. Neuropsychiatric Disorders Deficits lead to various pathologies. It is linked to depression and schizophrenia. It plays a role in mood disorders and autism. Signaling issues affect ADHD and addiction. It influences aggression and pain perception. It is involved in reward processing circuits. IV. Migraine Pathophysiology Migraines link to low CNS serotonin levels. Attacks release serotonin in the brain. Triptans are agonists of 5-HT1B receptors. They also target 5-HT1D receptors. This constricts dilated meningeal vessels. It inhibits proinflammatory peptide release. V. Serotonin Receptor Families There are seven distinct receptor groups. 5-HT1 receptors affect anxiety and memory. 5-HT2 receptors regulate emotion and motivation. 5-HT3 receptors trigger vomiting reflexes. 5-HT4 receptors impact learning and memory. 5-HT7 receptors may affect other neurotransmitters. VI. Therapeutic Implications SSRIs are used for depression and anxiety. Triptans effectively treat acute migraines. Lasmiditan targets 5-HT1F receptors. New drugs target specific receptor subtypes. Region-specific knowledge improves treatments. Research continues on receptor ligands. VII. Additional Resource Support See NourishED RFI's NotebookLM Resource Support Page. https://notebooklm.google.com/noteboo... VIII. Source Pourhamzeh, M., Moravej, F. G., Arabi, M., Shahriari, E., Mehrabi, S., Ward, R., Ahadi, R., & Joghataei, M. T. (2021). The roles of serotonin in neuropsychiatric disorders. Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, 42, 1671–1692. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10571-021-01... #serotonin #neuroscience #mentalhealth #neurobiology #brainresearch #psychiatry #5ht1a #5ht3a #5ht2a #prefrontalcortex #amygdala #hipocampus ‪@AuthenticMentalHealth‬ ‪@MentalHealthTreatment‬ ‪@Neuroscience‬ ‪@neurochallenged‬ ‪@BrainFactsorg‬ ‪@thisisyourbrainonscience4597‬ ‪@Serotonin99‬ ‪@Science_and_Brain‬ ‪@psychiatrylectures9556‬ ‪@PsychiatryClinic‬