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How to overcome depression

Original Episode:    • Understanding & Conquering Depression | Hu...   What is Major Depression? Major depression is a serious condition that affects about 5 out of every 100 people. That means if your class has 100 students, 5 of them may have major depression. Depression is very common, and it can happen to anyone. It is one of the biggest reasons people have trouble doing everyday things like going to work or school. How Does Major Depression Feel? People with major depression usually feel very sad and have a lot of grief. They might not enjoy things that they used to like—this is called “anhedonia.” For example, playing games or eating favorite foods may not make them happy anymore. Some people also have negative thoughts that are not true, but their minds believe them. This can be confusing, especially if their life is going okay, but their mind tells them they are not getting better. Let’s say someone is hurt, like an athlete with an injury. If they are depressed, they might feel like they are not getting stronger, even if their doctor says they are improving. Their mind tricks them into thinking things are worse than they really are. Physical Symptoms of Depression Depression is not just about feeling sad. It can make people feel tired all the time, even if they have not done anything hard. Sometimes they wake up very early, like at 3 or 4 in the morning, and can’t go back to sleep. Their sleep is disturbed, and their appetite (feeling hungry) might change too. Some people eat less, while others might eat more. Their body’s stress hormone, called cortisol, can also get messed up and make things harder. Why Does Depression Happen? Scientists have found that depression is linked to certain chemicals in the brain. Three main chemicals are involved: norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin. If these chemicals are not balanced, it can cause depression. For example, less dopamine can make people stop enjoying things, and less norepinephrine can make them feel tired. Low serotonin can cause sadness and make people feel guilty. Medicines for Depression Doctors use different medicines to help people with depression. Some old medicines are called tricyclic antidepressants and MAO inhibitors. These increase norepinephrine in the brain. There are also SSRIs, like Prozac and Zoloft, which help serotonin work better. But medicines don’t always help everyone. About one-third of people do not feel better after taking SSRIs, but for others, these medicines can really help. Sometimes, side effects of medicines can be a problem too. Depression and Hormones Certain things can make depression worse, like changes in hormones. For example, after childbirth, some women get depressed (called postpartum depression). Some women also feel depressed during their monthly cycles or after menopause. Also, people with low thyroid hormones can feel very tired and depressed. Doctors might check these hormone levels and give medicine if needed. The Role of Stress and Genetics Stress is a big reason for depression. If a person goes through a lot of hard times, their risk of depression goes up. Some people are more likely to get depressed because of their genes. If someone in your family has depression, you might have a higher chance of getting it too. What Can Help? There are things people can do to help with depression. Taking cold showers or ice baths can increase norepinephrine and make some people feel better. Exercise is also very helpful. Running or any movement can increase norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin in the brain. Regular exercise can protect against depression and help reduce symptoms. Eating certain healthy fats called EPA (a type of omega-3) can help reduce inflammation, which is sometimes linked to depression. Scientists also found that creatine (a supplement often used by athletes) might help some people with depression, especially women. New treatments like ketamine and psilocybin (a part of some mushrooms) are being studied. These treatments can help people feel less attached to their sadness and may “rewire” the brain so that sadness feels lighter. Diets like the ketogenic diet (very low in carbs, higher in fats) may help some people with depression, especially if they do not get better with normal treatments. This diet changes the chemicals in the brain and can improve mood. In Summary Depression is common and serious, but there are many ways to help. Medicines, exercise, healthy eating, and new treatments can all play a role. If you or someone you know is struggling, it’s important to talk to a doctor. Remember, learning about depression is the first step to getting better!