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Time Perception, Memory & Focus

Original Episode:    • Time Perception, Memory & Focus | Huberman...   What Is Time Perception? Time perception means how we feel time passing. This is very important because it controls how we feel—happy, sad, excited, or stressed. It also changes how we remember the past, enjoy the present, and think about the future. How Our Body Measures Time Our body has different ways to “measure” time: 1. Yearly and Seasonal Time (Circannual Rhythms) Our body and brain keep track of the year like a calendar. This helps us feel when seasons change. Light plays a big part in this. When it is bright (like in summer), a hormone called melatonin goes down, so we feel more awake and active. When it is dark (like in winter), melatonin goes up, making us feel sleepy or less energetic. • More light = less melatonin (feel awake) • Less light = more melatonin (feel sleepy) That’s why many people feel energetic in spring and lazy in winter! 2. Daily Time (Circadian Rhythm) Inside our body, there is a 24-hour clock called the circadian rhythm. It tells us when to sleep, wake up, and feel alert. This clock is set by sunlight. When we see bright light in the morning, our body clock sets itself. If we don’t get sunlight, or if we see bright lights late at night, our clock can get confused. This can make us tired, moody, or even sick. How to keep your clock healthy: • Go outside and get sunlight in the morning (10-30 minutes). • Get more sunlight in the afternoon. • Avoid bright lights at night. • Try to exercise at the same time each day. 3. Shorter Time Blocks (Ultradian Rhythms) Our brain also works in shorter cycles—about every 90 minutes. This is called an ultradian rhythm. In one cycle, we can focus well, but after that, we need a break. That’s why it’s good to do hard work or study in 90-minute blocks, then rest before starting again. Most people can do two or three of these deep-focus sessions each day. Taking breaks helps your brain “recharge.” How We Feel and Remember Time We feel time in three main ways: 1. Present time: How fast or slow time feels right now. 2. Prospective time: Guessing how much time will pass (like timing two minutes without a clock). 3. Retrospective time: Thinking back and guessing how much time has passed in the past. Special brain chemicals change how we feel time. The main ones are: • Dopamine and norepinephrine: Make us feel like time is passing fast or slow, and help us focus. • Serotonin: Can make time feel slower or faster, too. For example, if you have a lot of dopamine, time feels like it’s moving quickly. If you have less, time might feel slower. Exciting or Boring Moments • When you’re having fun or something new is happening (like at an amusement park), time feels like it goes by very fast. But later, when you remember it, it feels like it lasted a long time. • When you’re bored, time feels very slow. But later, those moments seem very short. This happens because our brain’s chemicals and memories work in special ways. Big Events and Memories If something big or scary happens (like an accident), your brain’s chemicals go up a lot. Time feels like it moves in slow motion. Your brain remembers every small detail. That’s why strong memories are hard to forget, especially after something emotional. Why Good Habits Matter Having good habits at regular times—like eating breakfast or exercising in the morning—helps your brain and body break the day into smaller parts. This helps you stay happy, motivated, and remember your day better. Conclusion Our body has clocks for the year, the day, and even for 90-minute blocks. Sunlight and good habits keep these clocks running well. Brain chemicals like dopamine change how we feel time—sometimes fast, sometimes slow. Fun times feel quick, boring times feel long, and strong memories stay with us forever. If you want to learn more, check out the book “Your Brain is a Time Machine” by Dr. Dean Buonomano. Thank you for listening and for loving science!