Geopolymers: The Forever Concrete! скачать в хорошем качестве

Geopolymers: The Forever Concrete!

Geopolymers for Nuclear Waste Immobilization and Storage ☢️ The provided sources collectively offer a comprehensive overview of geopolymer technology as a sustainable alternative to Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and its application in solidification/stabilization (S/S) of hazardous waste. Multiple academic and industry sources detail that geopolymers are inorganic polymers formed from industrial by-products like fly ash and blast furnace slag, offering superior mechanical properties and durability while significantly reducing carbon dioxide emissions compared to conventional cement. A major focus is the use of geopolymers for immobilizing heavy metals (both cationic and anionic) and radioactive materials (radionuclides), including naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM), with specific mechanisms like physical encapsulation and ion exchange being discussed. Furthermore, the economic feasibility is explored, noting that geopolymer concrete can be cost-effective, especially for higher grades, despite challenges like the variable quality of waste materials and competition from the established cement industry.