Basic Terms|Coordination number|Complex Ion|Central Atom|Ion|Ligands|Coordination sphere скачать в хорошем качестве

Basic Terms|Coordination number|Complex Ion|Central Atom|Ion|Ligands|Coordination sphere

Basic Terms|Coordination number|Complex Ion|Central Atom|Ion|Ligands|Coordination sphere #chemistry This Pashto Video lecture Sir Adnan taught from the second year chemistry second chapter #coordination_compound #coordinationnumber #complexion #centralmetalion #centeratom #ligands #typesofligands #coordinationsphere *1. Coordination Number* The *coordination number* is the *number of ligand atoms directly attached* to the central metal atom/ion through coordinate bonds. *Example:* In ([Cu(NH_3)_4]^{2+}), coordination number = *4* In ([Fe(CN)_6]^{4-}), coordination number = *6* --- *2. Complex Ion* A *complex ion* is a *charged species* consisting of a *central metal ion* surrounded by ligands. *Example:* ([Ag(NH_3)_2]^+) ([Fe(CN)_6]^{3-}) --- *3. Central Atom / Central Ion* The *central atom or ion* is usually a *metal atom or metal ion* that accepts electron pairs from ligands to form coordinate bonds. *Example:* Fe in ([Fe(CN)_6]^{3-}) Co in ([Co(NH_3)_6]^{3+}) --- *4. Ion* An *ion* is an atom or group of atoms that carries a *positive or negative charge* due to loss or gain of electrons. *Types:* *Cation:* Positive ion (Na⁺, Fe³⁺) *Anion:* Negative ion (Cl⁻, CN⁻) --- *5. Ligands* *Ligands* are *ions or molecules* that donate one or more lone pairs of electrons to the central metal atom/ion to form coordinate covalent bonds. *Examples:* Neutral ligands: NH₃, H₂O, CO Negative ligands: Cl⁻, CN⁻, OH⁻ --- *6. Coordination Sphere* The *coordination sphere* consists of the **central metal ion and the ligands directly attached to it**. It is written **inside square brackets**. *Example:* In ([Co(NH_3)_6]Cl_3), the coordination sphere is *[Co(NH₃)₆]* --- If you want, I can also: Give *MCQs* Explain *with diagrams* Provide *KPK board exam answers*