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Utilitarianism and The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas

The video examines Utilitarianism and The One Who Walk Away From Omelas by Ursala K. Le Guin. The Vsauce video mention at the beginning.    • The Trolley Problem in Real Life   Textbook: Matthews, George & Hendricks, Christina. Introduction to Philosophy: Ethics. Rebus Community. 2020. https://press.rebus.community/intro-t... Overview Trolley Problem Utilitarianism • Created by Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) and John Stuart Mill (1806-1873). • It argues that the morally correct answer is the one that brings the most people with the most utility, which is defined as good, pleasure, or happiness. o Intentions don’t matter. • Utility is calculated using the Hedonic (or Felicific) Calculus. o Intensity o Duration o Certainty o How soon (Proximity) o Will it repeat (Fecundity) o Will it be followed with pain (Purity) o How many people will be affected (Extent) Desirability • All good things are desirable because they lead to happiness. o I.e., Money is only desirable because of the things it can buy. • Bentham argues all pleasures are the same.  Drinking a beer is the same as reading Hamlet. • Mill argues there are higher and lower pleasures.  Socrates Satisfied Pig Dissatisfied. Types of Utilitarians • Act Utilitarians argue that the morality of every action must be decided on a case-by-case basis. • Rule Utilitarians argue that one can generalize certain rules based off of normal moral outcomes. o For example, there would be a rule against stealing because stealing usually creates more harm than good. • Actual Consequence Utilitarians: Morality can only be determined after the fact by looking at the outcome. • Foreseeable consequence Utilitarians: Morality can be determined by making reasonable assumptions about the outcome. Problems • Is there an objective scale to measure desirability? • No basis for natural rights? • Sacrificing and scapegoating for the good of a group? The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas – Ursala K. Le Guin • Synopsis • Thoughts