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In October 1942, Field Marshal Erwin Rommel's Afrika Korps stood at the gates of Egypt, threatening Britain's vital Suez Canal. The British Eighth Army, cornered at El Alamein, faced a desperate situation. Victory required not just firepower, but deception on an unprecedented scale. Operation Bertram became the largest military deception ever attempted. Under the direction of Brigadier Dudley Clarke and filmmaker Geoffrey Barkas, British forces created an entire phantom army in the Egyptian desert. Seven hundred twenty-two real tanks were disguised as trucks using ingenious "Sunshield" covers. Hundreds of dummy tanks, artillery pieces, and even a fake water pipeline appeared in the wrong locations. German bombers wasted thousands of bombs on targets that existed only as plywood and canvas. This video explores the true story behind the "ghost squadrons" of North Africa. Discover how artists and engineers fooled the Desert Fox, why aerial deception required obsessive attention to detail, and how this elaborate illusion helped turn the tide of World War II. Learn about the controversial role of stage magician Jasper Maskelyne, whose wartime claims have been disputed by modern historians, and meet the real heroes whose work remained classified for decades. SOURCES & REFERENCES: Rick Stroud, "The Phantom Army of Alamein" (Bloomsbury, 2012) Geoffrey Barkas, "The Camouflage Story: From Aintree to Alamein" (Cassell, 1952) Whitney T. Bendeck, "'A' Force: The Origins of British Deception" (Naval Institute Press, 2013) Imperial War Museums: Operation Bertram Archives National Archives (UK): A Force Records Peter Forbes, "Dazzled and Deceived: Mimicry and Camouflage" (Yale, 2009) Charles Cruickshank, "Deception in World War II" (Oxford, 1979) Churchill's Mansion House Speech, November 10, 1942 Subscribe for more WW2 history: [Link] What's your favorite example of military deception? Comment below! Press the notification bell to never miss new content! #WW2 #WorldWarII #OperationBertram #ElAlamein #MilitaryHistory #NorthAfrica #Deception #BritishArmy #Rommel #Desert FoxWarfare #HistoricalDocumentary #1942