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Aldehydes & Ketones (Preparation, Spectroscopy, and Reactivity)

This video begins our discussion of carbonyl compounds, focusing specifically on aldehydes and ketones. We review the different synthetic pathways used to prepare these functional groups (including oxidation, ozonolysis, hydration, and Friedel-Crafts acylation). We then explore the characteristic spectroscopic data (IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR) used to identify them. Finally, we establish the fundamental electrophilic nature of the carbonyl carbon and delve into the general mechanisms of nucleophilic addition under both basic and acidic conditions, explaining why aldehydes are typically more reactive than ketones. Timestamps: 00:00 Introduction to Carbonyl Groups (Aldehydes and Ketones) 02:32 Preparation of Aldehydes and Ketones (Review) 05:08 Spectroscopy of Aldehydes and Ketones (Review) 07:44 Reactivity of Aldehydes and Ketones 07:50 Polarity of the Carbonyl Group (Electrophilic Carbon) 09:21 General Mechanism: Nucleophilic Addition 11:55 Mechanisms for Nucleophilic Addition 12:13 Mechanism under Basic Conditions (Strong Nucleophile) 14:20 Mechanism under Acidic Conditions (Weak Nucleophile) 17:16 Preview of Different Nucleophiles Covered in Subsequent Videos #OrganicChemistry #CarbonylChemistry #NucleophilicAddition #OrganicSynthesis #Spectroscopy