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Get instant access to thousands of GCSE & A-level questions and flashcards at https://makindolearning.com/! Download the app now and do loads of biology questions 👍 (this video is sponsored by Makindo) My channel is the place to be during GCSE exam season - so make sure you subscribe! 🚀Sign up for The Final Push here: https://www.tickettailor.com/events/h... View the Final Push schedule: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1I... Get my products here: https://www.henrybrandrevision.com/ Definitions (check these apply to the topics in your exam board's paper 1 - these are AQA focused): 🔬 Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table Element – A substance made of only one type of atom. Compound – A substance made from two or more elements chemically bonded. Mixture – Two or more substances not chemically bonded and easily separated. Isotope – Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. Relative Atomic Mass (Ar) – The weighted average mass of an atom of an element compared to 1/12 the mass of carbon-12. Atomic Number – The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. Mass Number – The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus. 🧪 Bonding, Structure and Properties of Matter Ionic Bonding – The electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions. Covalent Bonding – A bond formed when two atoms share a pair of electrons. Metallic Bonding – The attraction between positive metal ions and a sea of delocalised electrons. Alloy – A mixture of metals or a metal and another element, designed to have improved properties. Simple Molecular Substance – A substance made up of molecules containing a few atoms joined by covalent bonds. Giant Covalent Structure – A large lattice of covalently bonded atoms (e.g., diamond or graphite). Giant Ionic Lattice – A regular structure of ions held together by strong electrostatic forces. 🔥 Quantitative Chemistry Mole – The amount of substance containing 6.02 × 10²³ particles (Avogadro’s constant). Relative Formula Mass (Mr) – The sum of the relative atomic masses of all atoms in a formula. Concentration – The amount of solute dissolved in a given volume of solution (mol/dm³). Limiting Reactant – The reactant that is completely used up first, limiting the amount of product formed. ⚡ Chemical Changes Reactivity Series – A list of elements ordered by their reactivity with water or acid. Displacement Reaction – A reaction in which a more reactive element displaces a less reactive element from a compound. Redox Reaction – A reaction involving both reduction (gain of electrons) and oxidation (loss of electrons). Electrolysis – The breakdown of a substance using electricity. Anode – The positive electrode where oxidation occurs. Cathode – The negative electrode where reduction occurs. Ore – A rock containing enough metal to make it economically worthwhile to extract. 💧 Energy Changes Exothermic Reaction – A reaction that releases energy to the surroundings (temperature increases). Endothermic Reaction – A reaction that absorbs energy from the surroundings (temperature decreases). Activation Energy – The minimum amount of energy needed for a reaction to start. Reaction Profile – A diagram showing the energy levels of the reactants and products in a reaction. ⌛TIMESTAMPS 00:00 Introduction 01:14 Practice 02:49 Common questions 03:33 Practicals 04:13 Maths questions 05:03 YouTube 05:23 Start from the basics 06:00 Know your definitions 06:40 Important summary