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Jet Galaxy formation

These four movies, from simulations by Wagner et al. (2012), show the density (D density.mov and Dprimed density.mov) and velocity (D vclouds.mov and Dprimed vclouds.mov) of the jet and interstellar medium as a powerful (10 to the power of 38 Watt) jet forces its way through a field of dense inhomogeneous clouds, embedded in the hot interstellar medium, surrounding the nucleus of an active galaxy containing a black hole. These movies are made from slices through the mid-plane of a 3D volume. The jet is launched from the environs of the black hole and forces its way through the clouds driving them out from the galactic nucleus. At the same time the jet is deflected in different directions by the clouds and in both cases inflates a large spherical bubble in the interstellar medium. This is an important effect since before this work had been done, it had been assumed that jets would not have a significant influence on the entire interstellar medium of the galaxy. Results: 1. The clouds get driven out with velocities of a few hundred kilometers per second preventing them from forming stars. This is known as negative feedback. 2. Up to 40% of the jet energy is imparted to the clouds. 3. Up to 50 times the jet momentum is imparted to the clouds. REFERENCES A. Y. Wagner, G. V. Bicknell, and M. Umemura. Driving Outflows with Relativistic Jets and the Dependence of Active Galactic Nucleus Feedback Efficiency on Interstellar Medium Inhomogeneity. ApJ, 757:136, 2012. doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/757/2/136.