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Rethinking Sleep Apnea Through Endotypes

In this expert-led discussion, Anne Marie Morse, DO, CEO of DAMM Good Sleep, is joined by Atul Malhotra, MD (UC San Diego Health), Reena Mehra, MD, MS (UW Medicine), and Azizi Seixas, PhD (University of Miami) to explore why obstructive sleep apnea cannot be reduced to a single mechanism—or a single treatment. Drawing on pediatric and adult data, the panel unpacks the concept of OSA endotypes, including airway anatomy, neural control, loop gain, arousal threshold, and muscle responsiveness, and explains why CPAP is only one part of a broader therapeutic toolkit. The conversation highlights how residual disease, treatment failure, poor adherence, and inequitable screening often stem from ignoring underlying mechanisms—and why multimodal data, community-based strategies, and emerging digital and AI tools are critical to delivering truly personalized sleep apnea care.