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Leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) is among the most destructive foliar diseases of wheat worldwide and particularly in Egypt. Susceptible wheat cultivar (Sids-1) was sprayed at the flag leaf stage (70 days after sowing date) with different concentrations of Mono potassium phosphate (0, 50 and 100 µg ml-1 KH2PO4). Treated plants were challenge inoculated by uredia of P. triticina. Results of the present study showed that KH2PO4 at concentration of 50 µg ml-1 was capable to protect the susceptible wheat cultivar (Sids-1) against leaf rust, indicated by significant reductions in disease severity and average coefficient of infection by about 66.6 and 86.6 %, respectively, as compared to non-treated control plants. In addition, application of KH2PO4 leads to promoted resistance of wheat against P. triticina through activation of some defense genes and production of a variety of resistant compounds that afford defense mechanism against the pathogen. Results demonstrated that KH2PO4 at concentration of 50 µg ml-1 could induce resistance responses in wheat to P. triticina, resulting in increased total phenolic compounds (TPC), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity and total lignin. Moreover, mRNA- expression levels of PAL were markedly increased in wheat leaves infected plants treated with 50 µg ml-1 KH2PO4 compared to both infected and non-infected untreated controls. On the other hand, plants sprayed with KH2PO4 exhibit some marked changes in both pathogen and host mesophyll cells. Regarding fungal structures, many vesicles appeared in the intercellular hyphae which gradually fused into bigger vacuoles and the extrahaustorial membrane was wrinkled. Host cells produced defense structures and material related to infection as well as hypersensitive responses and formation of cell wall appositions. This information can be considered in management programs to control leaf rust disease. http://www.curresweb.com/mejas/mejas/... https://pau.edu/index.php?_act=manage... https://www.yara.co.uk/crop-nutrition...