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The origin story of the Empire of Trebizond, the Pontian Roman Empire. We explore today the many layers of identity which gave birth to the Trapezuntine Empire (1204-1461). From early Ionian Greek colonization in the Black Sea, to the Pontic forerunner state of the Greco-Iranic Mithridatic Dynasty, to early Pontian Christianity, to the martial traditions and stubborn defiance of medieval local Greco-Laz nobility to both the Muslim raiders and the Emperors of Constantinople, to finally how the city of Trebizond accepted a proper Greco-Roman imperial dynasty as its ruling family when the Queen of Cities was ravaged by the Latins in 1204. Also covered are the first 80 years of Trapezuntine history: a very obscure period known only from laconic entries of the native chronicler Michael Panaretos, embellished later writings, disdainful mentions of their rival Roman successor state from Nicaean/Palaiologan Roman historians, Islamic sources, and, new to this series, I will also start examining material evidence and monastic documents. We chart the story of the Megaloi Komnenoi from the bloody downfall of their tyrannical patriarch, Andronikos I Komnenos, the exile of his grandsons, Alexios I and David Megas Komnenos and their triumphant return as Georgian-backed Roman Emperors in Trebizond, to how their successors continued this quest to restore the fallen Roman Empire, peaking in success under Manuel I Megas Komnenos, and carrying on the claim to be the one and only legitimate basileis even after the Palaiologoi retook Constantinople from the Latins, until Michael VIII Palaiologos got Ioannes II Megas Komnenos to drop his ancestors' title in 1282. The video's main content about early Trebizond is already covered in these videos about the 1204-1261 period and early Palaiologan history: • The Romans in Exile: 1204-1214 (Eastern Ro... • The Empire Strikes Back: 1214-1261 (Easter... • Restoring and Ruining Rome: Palaiologoi 12... But considerable new content has been added besides the prologue about the pre-imperial history of Trebizond. We explore how most importantly, the Komnenoi, who ended Pontian Roman separatism led by the local Gabras family, did the exact same later: due to Andronikos I Komnenos' extensive adventures and familiarity in the Black Sea, his family gained high acceptance among the Georgian and Pontic nobility to rule as their Emperors, as opposed to "mainstream Roman society" in Constantinople, who hated Andronikos so much that they deposed the Komnenos Dynasty which saved them from ruin. (For more on Andronikos' wanderings, see an article a friend of the channel wrote: https://bibliotecanatalie.com/home/f/...) Also I address a prevailing myth about early Mongol-European interactions: some said that the Mongols first met the Venetians in the 1220s already in the Crimea, but I demonstrate that as false, since the southern Crimea was in Trapezuntine hands back then. I hope that you enjoyed the video and that I sparked some interest in this often ignored gem of Romanitas! Primary sources: The History of George Akropolites, translated by Ruth Macrides The Chronicle of Michael Panaretos, translated by Scott Kennedy Extracts from the Acts of Vazelon, included in Rustam Shukurov's article (see below) The Annals of Niketas Choniates, translated by Harry J. Magoulias The Hagiographic Dossier of Saint Eugenius of Trebizond in Codex Athous Dionysiou 154 edited by J. O. Rosenqvist Secondary sources: History of the Empire of the Grand Komnenoi of Trebizond (1204-1461) by Alexios G.C. Savvides Trebizond: The Last Greek Empire by William Miller La dernière reconquête de Sinope par les Grecs de Trébizonde (1254-1265) by Marie Nystazopoulou Art and Identity in Thirteenth-Century Byzantium: Hagia Sophia and the Empire of Trebizond by Antony Eastmond The Foundation of the Empire of Trebizond (1204-1222) by A. A. Vasiliev The Oriental Margins of the Byzantine World: A Prosopographical Perspective by Rustam Shukurov A Note on the South-eastern Borders of the Empire of Trebizond in the Thirteenth Century by David Winfield The History of Greece from its conquest by the Crusaders to its conquest by the Turks and of the Empire of Trebizond by George Finlay Music used: Achilleas Vasiliades - Mavrothalassa ( • Mavrothalassa ) Georgian folk song about Queen Tamar ( • Georgian Folk Song About Queen Tamar ) @faryafaraji @Dimitrios_DallasPrinces of Lazica ( • The Princes of Lazica - Epic Byzantine Music ) Watch Trebizond Summarized: • Trebizond Summarized Rewatch Eastern Roman history: • Eastern Rome Summarized Feel generous? Do you wish to directly support me? Please check out my Patreon: / byzansimp Join this channel to get access to perks: / @byzansimp