IgA Nephropathy Pathogenesis, Immunoglobulin A (IgA) Nephropathy, Glomerulonephritis: Causes, Diagno скачать в хорошем качестве

IgA Nephropathy Pathogenesis, Immunoglobulin A (IgA) Nephropathy, Glomerulonephritis: Causes, Diagno

An 81-year-old transgender woman presents with three months of intermittent cola-colored urine following upper respiratory infections, mild ankle swelling, and a history of vitiligo. Laboratory evaluation reveals proteinuria, hematuria with dysmorphic red cells, and preserved renal function. What clinical findings and laboratory features should raise suspicion for glomerular disease in this scenario? How can these findings inform your diagnostic approach to the underlying kidney pathology? VIDEO INFO Category: IgA Nephropathy Pathogenesis, Immunoglobulin A (IgA) Nephropathy, Glomerulonephritis: Causes, Diagnosis, and Management, Nephrology: Kidney Disease Diagnosis and Management Difficulty: Easy - Basic level - Suitable for medical students Question Type: Complications Case Type: Common Scenario Explore more ways to learn on this and other topics by going to https://endlessmedical.academy/auth?h... QUESTION An 81-year-old transgender woman (assigned male at birth) presents to clinic with 3 months of intermittent cola-colored urine that she notices a day or two after catching a cold. She reports mild ankle swelling late in the day. She denies flank pain, kidney stones, dysuria, or weight loss. She has vitiligo and age-related macular degeneration. She has no pets and no known drug allergies.... OPTIONS A. Progressive glomerular scarring that leads to worsening chronic kidney disease and new or worsening hypertension over time, driven by mesangial proliferation and C3-dominant injury from IgA immune complexes. B. Recurrent calcium oxalate kidney stones from intestinal hyperoxaluria, causing microscopic hematuria unrelated to immune complex deposition in the glomeruli. C. Acute interstitial nephritis with eosinophil-rich tubulitis from an antibiotic exposure, producing abrupt creatinine rise and sterile pyuria rather than glomerular hematuria. D. Linear anti-glomerular basement membrane disease with anti-GBM antibodies, causing rapidly progressive kidney failure with diffuse crescent formation and strong C1q deposition. CORRECT ANSWER A. Progressive glomerular scarring that leads to worsening chronic kidney disease and new or worsening hypertension over time, driven by mesangial proliferation and C3-dominant injury from IgA immune complexes. EXPLANATION "Progressive glomerular scarring that leads to worsening chronic kidney disease and new or worsening hypertension over time, driven by mesangial proliferation and C3-dominant injury from IgA immune complexes." This is correct because IgA nephropathy begins with mesangial deposition of galactose-deficient IgA1-containing immune complexes that trigger the alternative and lectin complement pathways. The resulting mesangial proliferation and C3-dominant injury incite cytokine release, podocyte stress, and segmental adhesions that evolve to focal and then global glomerulosclerosis. Clinically, patients have episodic gross hematuria after upper respiratory infections, dysmorphic RBCs and red cell casts on urinalysis, and often modest proteinuria; over years, this smoldering injury drives eGFR decline and secondary hypertension.... Further reading: Links to sources are provided for optional further reading only. The questions and explanations are independently authored and do not reproduce or adapt any specific third-party text or content. --------------------------------------------------- Our cases and questions come from the https://EndlessMedical.Academy quiz engine - multi-model platform. Each question and explanation is forged by consensus between multiple top AI models (i.e. Open AI GPT, Claude, Grok, etc.), with automated web searches for the latest research and verified references. Calculations (e.g. eGFR, dosages) are checked via code execution to eliminate errors, and all references are reviewed by several AIs to minimize hallucinations. Important note: This material is entirely AI-generated and has not been verified by human experts; despite stringent consensus checks, perfect accuracy cannot be guaranteed. Exercise caution - always corroborate the content with trusted references or qualified professionals, and never apply information from this content to patient care or clinical decisions without independent verification. Clinicians already rely on AI and online tools - myself included - so treat this content as an additional focused aid, not a replacement for proper medical education. Visit https://endlessmedical.academy for more AI-supported resources and cases. This material can not be treated as medical advice. May contain errors. ---------------------------------------------------