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Popper's Solution to Order from Chaos

The provided source explores a fundamental paradox in mathematics and philosophy concerning how predictable stability can arise from purely random events. The speaker discusses the traditional approach to probability, which relied on the limit axiom—an external rule assumed to force results toward a stable frequency—but argues this is a philosophical cheat. The core of the presentation focuses on philosopher Carl Popper's solution, which redefines randomness using the powerful concept of absolute freedom or N freedom. Popper argued that by using this stronger, more rigorous definition of small-scale disorder, stability (like the Law of Large Numbers) does not need to be added externally but rather emerges as a direct, logical consequence of true randomness itself, making stability a hidden property of chaos.