The Louvre ・ Parisre скачать в хорошем качестве

The Louvre ・ Parisre

The Louvre is broadly composed of three parts: (1) Louvre Museum whose predecessor is Louvre Palace (2) Carrousel Garden (3) Tuileries Garden. This rectangular complex is on the eastern end of Paris' historic axis, which was extended to the Triumphal Arch along the Champs-Élysées Avenue. The Louvre Palace began life as a fortress when Philippe Auguste erected a castle surrounded by a moat in the late 12th century. However, the hypothetical enemy never appeared; subsequently, the castle had served as an arsenal and repository for the royal treasury until Charles V transformed it into a comfortable residence in the 1360s. In 1546, François I ordered to demolish much of the outdated structure and replace it with a lavish new one. He did not live to complete the job, but his son, Henri II, carried on. Henri's queen, Catherine de Medici, tried living at the Louvre but didn't like it, and so in 1564 she decided to build her own residence -- the Tuileries Palace -- nearby to the west. She also commissioned a landscape architect from Florence to create an Italian Renaissance garden -- the Tuileries Garden -- for her palace. In 1664, the landscape architect André Le Nôtre was commissioned to redesign the entire garden into a French style which was based on symmetry and order. Louis XIII lived in the Louvre and reportedly enjoyed it. But Louis XIV had unhappy memories of both the Louvre and of Paris. Eventually he abandoned both for Versailles, leaving the Louvre to fall into ruin. It was not until the nineteenth century that two Napoleons, I and III, restored and completed the massive edifice, creating the Louvre whose outlines we know today. But neither of the Napoleons actually lived in the Louvre, which Napoleon I turned into an enormous museum for his plunder. Instead, both preferred the Tuileries Palace. The Tuileries Palace remained until 1883, when it was burned during the Communard uprising. The Third Republic decided not to replace. The Louvre Palace has gradually evolved into a world famous museum, through phases of modifications with stylistic consistency, since the French Revolution. It is now visited by 10 million people a year. The Tuileries Palace ruins were swept away and transformed into today's Carrousel Garden where the Triumphal Arch of the Carousel stands.